The Financial Perspective 200 7-2013 Simulation Game OBJECTIVES, ROLES, RULES OF THE GAME

1. The Financial Perspective 2007-2013 Simulation Game OBJECTIVES, ROLES, RULES OF THE GAME Presentation based on Bruno Scholl’s Manual and Presentation of March 2004’ 27.03.2006 Brussels

2. Plan of the presentation • Introduction of the “game” • What is aFinancialPerspective • Selectionof subjects tobediscussed • Distribution of roles • The objectives and tasks of a Simulation Game • Research (Documents and Literature) • Positions papers • Communication • Tactics

3. Introduction of the game: What are you doing? • You will be discussing the 2008/9review of the financial perspective 2007-2013 • the discussion is led during the Czech Republic Presidency • You won’t discuss all problems contained in the Financial Perspective

4. What is a Financial Perspective? • Legal character of the Financial Perspective? • Is it possible to „correct” it during its functioning?

5. The issues at stake: You are not negotiating in a vacuum: Draft Financial Perspective adopted in December 2005: - new structure - new objectives - new goals - However: Draft Financial Perspective is only a ‘good basis’ for the work of European Council

6. Still/again to be settled: not all MS satisfied with the Financial Perspective results • your targets – to discuss: • sustainable development • competitiveness for growth and employment; • cohesion for growth and employment; • preservation and management of natural resources • agricultural markets • rural development • fisheries • environmental protection • citizenship, freedom, security and justice; • the EU as a global player; • external action • pre-accession instruments

7. And now…to the game • You are performing a role reflecting the ‘real’ position took in Financial Perspective negotiations • We are following the official rules of the European Council: • high level negotiations (each team at least two members) • unanimity (final result has to be reached consensually) • EP / Commission participation (they can speak but cannot vote)

8. Who participates in the negotiations on FinancialPerspective? • Presidency (2) • Council Secretariat (2) • Member States (Head of State / Prime Minister, Foreign Minister per Country) (2) • European Commission (3) • European Parliament (2)

9. Part II: Simulation Games- Overview • What are Simulation Games? • Functions • Objectives • Structure of a Simulation • Acting in Simulations • Preparing Negotiations • Actor Analysis • Tactics

10. Simulation Games • can show and explain complex and even unknown structures of the „real world” policy • can develop "soft skills" of participants • observing, negotiation and moderation skills • can show and explain social and intercultural behaviour: • connected to everyday experiences • build-up a knowledge base of behavioural skills • can be easily used by actors with different cultural background: • it confronts and addresses prejudices • and stereotypes of other cultures

11. Objectives I - Research • on the FinancialPerspectivedebate in the EU • on general background of UEactorsinterplay • on specific interests of country or institution represented by the team

12. Objectives II – soft skills • Improvement and grounded experience of EU negotiations • Improvement of communication skills • Improving drafting capabilities (position papers/ treaty text) • Complexity of Multi-lateral bargaining and the art of arguing

13. Deliverables - The Position Papers • Important deliverable (for each group) • Maximum paper • Contains your positions (official, shown to the others) • Indicate some room of manoeuvre • Indicate possible allies (to make your position stronger) • Precise language / short (3 pages) • Should help to guide you through the negotiations • Minimum Paper • Define your fall-back positions • Only to be shown to the teaching staff

14. Before you start working: Strategies and Tactics Financial Perspective? • between reforms and status quo • increase or decrease of input? Avoiding conflicts? • starting with identifying controversial issues or searching for consensus Cleavages? • agriculture v. other policies? • new Member States v. old Member States? • smaller vs. larger member states

15. Preparing negotiation • Set goals • identify obstacles, and fix a time linestart by clearly stating the goal you hope to achieve • Try to get deals done even before the negotiations start • Fix sub-goals • Identify smaller obstacles that could stop you from reaching the main goal • Give them numbers until a deadline • or fix a sub-goals set-out from the start to the end

16. Actor analysis • Culture: • Research the cultures of those with whom you are negotiating • Personality • Research the personality and likely approach they will take

17. Negotiation Tactics • „It ‘s not me" • Warning of consequences • Good & bad guy/girl (cop) • Risk of the rival • Fictional deadline • Done deal • Win-win

18. Tactics I • „It‘s not me" • claim that you are not responsible for the decision. If faced with this, always try to go to the one who is responsible! [but beware of false accusations!] • if you use this, it risks undermining your authority as a negotiator • Warning of consequences • "if you do not do x, then y will happen". • Dangerous: the claim is likely to become public some day, and may actually provoke y! Alternatively, they may see your bluff, and if nothing happens, your credibility is damaged

19. Tactics II • Good & Bad Guy/Girl • one person plays tough, the other is conciliatory • especially when you are negotiating on two levels • Risk of the rival • "if you do not do this deal with me, I will go to your rival„ • Fictional deadlines • "we have to do this before x date, as otherwise y".

20. Tactics III • Done Deal • the issue is solved before the meeting starts by the assistants or juniors • Win-Win • identify those issues where both sides gain from a deal: preferably the low cost, high value

21. Methods I • Official framework set by the Presidency • Time table • Rules of procedure • The Commission’s Proposal – 25th April 2006 • Request for official papers – 10th May 2006 • Presenting compromises or first texts • You can get active as well next to Presidency: • Start initiatives • Get active with possible allies • Distribute ‘press releases’

22. Methods II • How can you do that? • Use Email (use the participants’ mailing list) • Use the Internet (you might want to create a website) • Remember: • First consult in your group • Only then go outside

23. Expected Results • You can improve the Financial Perspective! Negotiate and draft those parts of the FinancialPerspectivewhere the December European Council failed 2) Play your role reasonably There should be no result which is obviously running in total contrast to your original position !