Theories of Governance and Political Economy

1. Theories of Governance and Political Economy PIA 2000 Introduction to Public Affairs

2. Overview: Review of Broad Theoretical Themes • Comparison by Structure- Unit for comparison • Ideal Types • The Rationality Debate • Governance Processes • Dysfunctional Governance • Reform vs. Rhetoric

3. Holland “Very Impressive, my colleague....but does it also work in theory”

4. Systems and Processes of Government: Issues of the Day • The Rational Model • Authoritarian • Mobilizing Regime- Party Dominant • Fused- Cabinet Government • Separation of Powers- “Congressional” • Federal vs. Unitary • Territorial (Cantonal) vs. Corporate • Corruption, Reform and the Problem of Efficiency

5. Ferrel Heady Died August 16, 2006 Strong Advocate of Comparative Methodology Author of the Week: Ferrel Heady, “Father” of Comparative Public Administration. Systems Focus • 1916-2006

6. Origins

7. I. Rationality, Ideal Types and Bureaucracies 1. Not reality: eg. Model Airplane 2. A kind of Model 3. Deviations can be measured 4. Method: By comparison to the model

9. Structural Characteristics

10. Black and White not Grey An Ideal Type Matrix

11. Shared Characteristics of Ideal Type of Bureaucracy: The Legal Rational Model • Organization highly differentiated • Rational decisions and procedures • High activity levels and efficiency • Power and authority are legitimate • Popular involvement and acceptance of procedures and decisions

12. Title of Image: Rationality “What is wrong with this Picture?”

13. Contractual Agreement: Basic to Rationality

14. The Rationality Debate: A Behavioral Focus • Scientific Management: Time and Motion- (Taylor) • Human Resource Management: Social Comfort-Hawthorne Experiments

15. “Scientific management is a theory of management that analizes and synthesizes workflows, with the objective of improving labor productivity” Taylor

16. Scientific Management • 1936Modern Times • 430-6:00

17. Human Relations School • Hawthorne Study: he Hawthorne effect - an increase in worker productivity produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out and made to feel important and improved work. • “The Hawthorn Effect” The term was coined in 1955 by Henry A. Landsberger when analysing older experiments from 1924-1932 at the Hawthorne Works (a Western Electric factory outside Chicago).

18. Hawthorne Factory

19. Governance Processes

20. Politics vs. Administration • From the World of Samuel P. HuntingtonPolitical Order in Changing Societies

21. 2. Authoritarian-Submission to Authority and Demand for Conformance

22. Social Mobilization vs. Social Engineering

23. Structures and Processes….

24. Burma 2008

25. Party Cadres: What does it mean in 2012?

26. Authoritarianism and Ideology “Red vs. Expert”

27. The Mobilizing Regime: Party Dominant

28. Defined • “Social mobilization is the process of mobilizing all societal and personal influences with the aim of prompting individual, family, group or societal level action”

29. Party Dominance: “Red vs. Expert” and Interests • Pluralist Systems- Interest Group with experts Have Access Issues • Dominant Party Regimes- defacto or de jure “no party states”. Access Complicated • Mobilization Regimes: Populist vs. Leninist: Access difficult • Totalitarian Regimes: Fascist vs. Communist: Access Impossible?

30. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883- 28 April 1945)

31. Bureaucratic Dominant Systems • Traditional • Personalist/Charismatic • Unstable Pendulum Regimes • Administrative States/Organizational Bourgeoisie • Military Regimes • Mobilizing Regimes

32. Criticism of Administrative Systems 1. Bureaucracy as Authoritarian a. Subject**** b. Citizen c. Customer

33. Institutionalized Governance • Review of Distinctions

34. The Legal-Rational Model (Redeux) a. Merit Selection b. Hierarchy- Chain of Command c. Division of Labor and functional specialization d. Administrative work: full time, no sinecures e. Contractual agreement f. Professional or technical training

35. Fused- Cabinet System

37. Separation of Powers- Congressional

38. Federal vs. Unity Federalism- Layer Cake vs. Marble Cake (Dresang and Gosling) Marble Cake Layer Cake

39. Territorial (Cantonal) vs. Corporate- Unitary

40. Unitary Systems of Government Geographical- Unity Corporate- Democratic or Authoritarian

41. Coffee Break Ten Minutes

42. Dysfunctional Governance

43. 8. Corruption and the Problem of Efficiency

44. Ethics and Corruption Debates • May 17, 2009 ... The accusations of corruption “hurts Pittsburgh,” said Mr. Ravenstahl, who has focused most of his attention on Mr. Dowd's attacks. • Impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle • In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse of public office for private gain.

45. Corruption and the “New Public Management” • Dysfunctionalism- The “Yes Minister” TV Series and Franz Kafka • Corruption and Culture-Robert Klitgaard (Claremont Graduate University) • Bashing Bureaucrats: Bob Miewald (University of Nebraska) and (Michael Barzeley, London School of Economics)

46. The Permanent Secretary is trying to explain the Prime Minister the concept of "not-true". • Yes Minister

47. The Call for Reform?

48. Not Corruption but Criticism The Bureaucracy as Controlling a. The Perfect Library- No books checked out b. Tied up in Red Tape- The red ribbon which ties up files in U.K. c. Standard Operating Procedures

49. Bureaurat Bashing George Wallace” “They are all burro crats”