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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. World War Two. Peace at any cost. Maginot Line in France – swiss to the belgian border (Ardennes forest cannot be passed – are they sure?) All countries seem incapable of taking a stand against fascist aggressors like Mussolini and Hitler. Hitler’s aggressive moves.

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 World War Two

  2. Peace at any cost • Maginot Line in France – swiss to the belgian border (Ardennes forest cannot be passed – are they sure?) • All countries seem incapable of taking a stand against fascist aggressors like Mussolini and Hitler

  3. Hitler’s aggressive moves • 1933 – pulled out of league of nations • Signed non aggression treaty with Poland • Nazis of Austria assassinated Dollfuss, demand union of Austria and GR • Mussolini had to stop this union of Austria and GR

  4. Unchecked aggression • 1935 – rearmed GR forces • 1936 – Hitler repudiates Locarno treaties • Reoccupied Rhineland • 1938 – Anschluss • Sudetenland

  5. Mussolini • 1935 – invasion of Ethiopia • League of Nations condemns • Sanctions – couldn’t sell arms or raw materials – but oil could be sold • Ethiopia easily defeated • League proves to be all talk

  6. Spanish Civil War • Revolution ousts Alfonso XIII of the Bourbon line • Establishment of a democratic Spanish republic • Anti clerical legislation enacted • Church and state separated • Jesuit order dissolved

  7. Feb 1936 – New Elections held • Left – Republicans, socialists, syndicalists, communists join Popular Front • AGAINST • Monarchists, clericals, army officers, old regime and Spanish fascists • Left won at the polls

  8. July 1936 - revolution • Military insurrection against govt • Franco emerges as the leader • Civil war • 600,000 deaths • March 1939 – Franco wins • France and England forbade the shipment of war materials to rep’s

  9. Ideological war • GR, IT and the SU intervened – the rest decided not to • USSR supported the Republic – the other two supported the fascists • Rome Berlin Axis • Japan, GR, IT – Anti Comintern Pact – oppose communism

  10. Rape of Nanjing • Full scale Japanese invasion of eastern china • Japanese occupation of Nanjing – violent • League condemns actions • Americans still sell supplies to both sides since no war was ever declared???

  11. Appeasement • Munich agreement allows GR to annex Sudetenland • Peace in our time • Western democracies prove their weakness and inability to challenge Hitler’s armies

  12. Reality check • Hitler (march 1939) marched into Bohemia-Moravia • Turned into a protectorate • He declared Slovakia independent • Took Memel from Lithuania • Demanded Danzig and Polish corridor

  13. Military preparedness • Realization of Hitler’s master plans • Mussolini then takes Albania • Guarantees given to Poland, Romania and Greece from Britain • Brits tried to form a pact with SU • Eastern Baltic states would not accept

  14. SU turns to the other side • SU becomes suspicious of FR and ENG “allies” • Signing of non aggression pact with SU and GR in 1939 • Secretly agreed to divide Poland and SU could have influence in Baltic states

  15. Poor Poland – France? • Blitzkrieg war machine destroys Poland in West • Soviets move into the East • Soviets established fortified bases in the Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania • Finland resisted and Soviets attacked

  16. Sitzkrieg • Fr sat behind Maginot line • Brits didn’t have many troops • Gr’s behind Siegfried line • 1940 – Gr’s attacked Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Lux, FR

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