Thomas Duxbury Physics and Astronomy Department George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA

1. INTERNATIONAL PHOBOS/DEIMOS LANDING SITE WORKING GROUP Thomas Duxbury Physics and Astronomy Department George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA at the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group 33rd Meeting Double Tree Hotel Monrovia, CA 22 February 2017 14:00 NOTE ADDED BY JPL WEBMASTER: This content has not been approved or adopted by NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology. This document is being made available for information purposes only, and any views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology.

2. SOME NASA SMD PSD GOALS FOR PHOBOS AND DEIMOS • SUPPORT THE JAXA MARTIAN MOON EXPLORATION PROJECT (MMX) • PROVIDE US INSTRUMENT FOR MMX • ENCOURAGE, SUPPORT AND PRODUCE HIGHER-LEVEL, DERIVED DATASETS TO SUPPORT MISSION DESIGN, SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, SITE SELECTION, MISSION OPERATIONS AND FLIGHT DATA / SAMPLE CONTEXT • ENCOURAGE NEW TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS FROM EXISTING MISSIONS • FOCUS DATASETS FOR MMX BUT BE EQUALLY APPLICABLE/USEABLE FOR OTHER MARTIAN MOON MISSIONS UNDER STUDY • NASA DISCOVERY / NEW HORIZONS • ESA PHOOTPRINT • ROCOSMOS BOOMERANG • OTHER • INSURE THAT DERIVED DATASETS ARE COMPATABLE WITH NASA STUDY TOOLS, E.G., LMMP TREK GIS TOOL (JPL/ARC), BY DEFINING DATA STANDARDS

3. CREATION OF PDLSWG • SPLINTER MEETING AT 7TH MOSCOW SOLAR SYSTEM SYMPOSIUM (7M-S3) • ORGANIZED BY ESA MARS EXPRESS IDS FOR PHOBOS/DEIMOS AND MEX PROJECT SCIENTIST • NASA PSD, JAXA, ESA AND ROSCOSMOS AGENCY AND SCIENCE PERSONNEL PARTICIPATED • IDENTIFIED EXISTING / CONTINUING DATASETS CRITICAL TO MMX AND OTHER PHOBOS/DEIMOS MISSIONS • IDENTIFIED USEFUL NEW DATA POSSIBLE FROM EXISTING MISSIONS • IDENTIFIED DATA THAT FUTURE MISSIONS WOULD NEED TO COLLECT THEMSELVES • IDENTIFIED THE NEED FOR A LANDING SITE GROUP THAT WOULD PARALLEL THE MARS LANDING SITE WORKING GROUPS • AGENCY / PERSONNEL CREATED THE INTERNATIONAL PHOBOS / DEIMOS SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION / LANDING SITE SELECTION WORKING GROUP • “PDLSWG” FOR SHORT

4. EXAMPLES OF MAJOR ENGINEERING DATASET REQUIREMENTS FOR LANDING SITE SELECTION HRSC / SRC STEREO AND ASTROMETRIC IMAGES HRSC, SRC, HiRISE, VIKING, . . . STEREO AND HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES • EARTH COMMUNICATIONS / SOLAR LIGHTING • MOON EPHEMERIDES • MOON ROTATION MODEL • MOON DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL (DTM) • GLOBAL AND LOCAL SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY / SLOPES / BOULDERS • MOON GLOBAL DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL • LOCAL SITE HIGH RESOLUTION DTM • BOULDER SIZE-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION • THESE DATASETS WOULD ALSO SUPPORT MISSION PLANNING AND FLIGHT OPERATIONS AS WOULD THE PHOBOS MASS MEX MaRS • PHOBOS GRAVITY FIELD WOULD NEED TO BE DETERMINED BY THE FLIGHT PROJECT

5. EXAMPLE OF MAJOR PHOBOS/DEIMOS SCIENCE DATASET REQUIREMENTS FOR LANDING SITE SELECTION OMEGA/SPICAM/PFS/MAVEN/ THEMIS DAYTIME / NIGHTTIME IR AND UV GLOBAL SPECTRA AND HRSC COLOR IMAGES TBD MEX ASPERA • GLOBAL SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION • MINEROLOGY / COMPOSITION • TEMPERATURE / THERMAL INERTIA • AGE / FRESH CRATERS / GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT • REGOLITH THICKNESS / PARTICLE SIZE / COMPACTNESS / ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT • NEAR MOON DUST ENVIRONMENT • OTHER

6. MEX HRSC-DERIVED GLOBAL PHOBOS DTM:A BASIS FOR PRODUCING GeoTIFF DATASETS DLR/TUB

7. DATASET STATUS PHOBOS GLOBAL HRSC/SRC DTM EXISTS AND IS CONTINUALLY BEING IMPROVED LOCAL HIGH-RES LANDING SITE DTMs DO NOT EXIST AND ARE NOT POSSIBLE FOR MMX PRE-LAUNCH BECAUSE METER-SUBMETER HRSC/SRC RESOLUTION DOES / WILL NOT EXIST PHOBOS / DEIMOS EPHEMERIS/ROTATION MODELS EXIST AND ARE CONTINUALLY BEING IMPROVED OMEGA / SPICAM / PFS MULTISPECTRAL UV / IR REGISTERED & MAP PROJECTED DATASETS HAVE YET TO BE PRODUCED PHOBOS GLOBAL HRSC COLOR DIM HAS YET TO BE PRODUCED MEX PROPOSES TO CONTINUE PHOBOS / DEIMOS EXPLORATION AS A HIGH PRIORITY THEMIS IR / VIS DAYTIME AND NIGHTIME OBSERATIONS ARE BING PLANNED MRO HiRISE / CRISM, MAVEN IUVS OBSERVATIONS ARE “BONUS” SCIENCE – PROJECTS NOT FUNDED TO REDUCE

8. SEARCHABLE CATALOG STATUS A SEARCHIBLE VIKING/MEX DATA CATALOG OF GEOCODED PHOBOS / DEIMOS MAP COORDINATES, NAMED FEATURES, VIEWING & LIGHTING GEOMETRY, SPATIAL RESOLUTION, ORBITAL POSITION, MARS LIGHTING ANGLE, . . . DOES NOT EXIST FOR VIKING, PHOBOS 88, MEX, ETC.

9. GLOBAL HRSC AND OMEGA COLOR / MULTISPECTRAL “GeoTIFF” DATASETS NEEDED FOR SURFACE CHARACTERIZATIONDO NOT EXIST OMEGA

10. EXAMPLE REGISTERED/MAP-PROJECTED GLOBAL DATA PRODUCTS NEEDED FOR SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION Example Stereo Anaglyphs REGISTRERING VIKING AND HRSC/SRC IMAGES TO DTM WITH COMMON MAP PROJECTION STANDARDS AND DERIVATION OF STEREO ANAGLYPH DATASETS DO NOT EXIST

11. EXAMPLE REGISTERED / MAP-PROJECTED GLOBAL DATA PRODUCTS NEEDED FOR SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION

12. PDLSWG - SUMMARY • ENCOURAGE, SUPPORT AND PRODUCE HIGHER-LEVEL, DERIVED DATASETS TO SUPPORT MISSION DESIGN, SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, SITE SELECTION, MISSION OPERATIONS AND FLIGHT DATA / SAMPLE CONTEXT • PRODUCE SEARCHABLE CATALOGS FOR VIKING, PHOBOS 88, MEX, TO ENABLE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO PRODUCE NEEDED DATASETS • PRODUCE GeoTIFF – TYPE DATASETS FOR USE BY GIS TOOLS SUCH AS DISCUSSED FOR MARS APPLICATION BEFORE THIS MEPAG MEETING • ENCOURAGE NEW TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS FROM EXISTING MISSIONS • THEMIS IR DAYTIME / NIGHTTIME, MAVEN IUVS, ExoMars. . . . • INVOLVE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AS DOES MARS LANDING SITE WORKING GROUPS • INFORM SCIENCE COMMUNITY OF ACTIVITIES / STATUS AT MEPAG, SBAG, 8M-S3, . . . • CONVENE / SUPPORT PROJECT-FOCUSED MEETINGS INCLUDED AS PART OF JAXA MMX, ESA MEX, ETC. MEETINGS • FOLLOW IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF NASA’S MARS LANDING SITE WORKING GROUPS, ESA EXOMARS LANDING SITE WORKING GROUP, ROSCOSMOS LUNAR LANDING SITE WORKING GROUP, . . .