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LHCf ; connecting collider to astroparticle physics

LHCf ; connecting collider to astroparticle physics. Takashi Sako (STE lab/KMI, Nagoya University) f or the LHCf collaboration. HEAP 2011, 13-15 Nov. 2011, KEK. Uncertainty in hadronic interaction . 0g/cm 2. Xmax. PROTON. Deep in the atmosphere. IRON.

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LHCf ; connecting collider to astroparticle physics

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  1. LHCf; connecting collider to astroparticle physics Takashi Sako (STE lab/KMI, Nagoya University) for the LHCf collaboration HEAP 2011, 13-15 Nov. 2011, KEK

  2. Uncertainty in hadronic interaction 0g/cm2 Xmax PROTON Deep in the atmosphere IRON Proton shower and nuclear shower of same total energy 1018 1019 Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO)

  3. Uncertainty in hadronic interaction 0g/cm2 Xmax PROTON Deep in the atmosphere IRON Proton shower and nuclear shower of same total energy 1018 1019 Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) Constraints from accelerator experiments indispensible

  4. What should be measured at collidersmultiplicity and energyflux at LHC 14TeV collisionspseudo-rapidity; η= -ln(tan(θ/2)) Multiplicity Energy Flux All particles neutral Most of the energy flows into very forward

  5. ATLAS 96mm The LHC forward experiment LHCf Detector(Arm#1) √s=14TeV Elab=1017eV 140m Two independent detectors at either side of IP1( Arm#1, Arm#2 ) LHCf Detector(Arm#2) Beam Charged particles(+) Beam pipe Neutral particles Charged particles(-)

  6. The LHCf Collaboration K.Fukatsu, T.Iso, Y.Itow, K.Kawade, T.Mase, K.Masuda, Y.Matsubara, G.Mitsuka, Y.Muraki, T.Sako, K.Suzuki, K.Taki Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Japan H.MenjoKobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Japan K.YoshidaShibaura Institute of Technology, Japan K.Kasahara, Y.Shimizu, T.Suzuki, S.Torii Waseda University, Japan T.TamuraKanagawa University, Japan M.HaguenauerEcolePolytechnique, France W.C.TurnerLBNL, Berkeley, USA O.Adriani, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, R.D’Alessandro, M.Grandi, P.Papini, S.Ricciarini, G.Castellini INFN, Univ. di Firenze, Italy K.Noda, A.TricomiINFN, Univ. di Catania, Italy J.Velasco, A.FausIFIC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UVEG, Spain A-L.Perrot CERN, Switzerland

  7. Arm#1 Detector 20mmx20mm+40mmx40mm 4 XY SciFi+MAPMT Arm#2 Detector 25mmx25mm+32mmx32mm 4 XY Silicon strip detectors LHCfDetectors • Imaging sampling shower calorimeters • Two independent calorimeters in each detector(Tungsten 44r.l., 1.6λ, sample with plastic scintillators)

  8. Event category of LHCf LHCf calorimeters Leading baryon (neutron) Single hadron event Multi meson production photon π0 photon π0 Pi-zero event (photon pair) Single photon event

  9. Expected Results at 14 TeV Collisions(MC assuming 0.1nb-1 statistics) Detector response not considered

  10. Operation 2009-2010 • With Stable Beam at √s = 900 GeV • Total of 42 hours for physics • About 105shower events in Arm1+Arm2 • With Stable Beam at √s = 7 TeV (Elab = 2.5x1016eV) • Total of 150 hours for physics with different setups • Different vertical position to increase the accessible kinematical range • Runs with or without beam crossing angle • ~ 4x108shower events in Arm1+Arm2 • ~ 106π0events in Arm1 and Arm2 • Status • Completed program for 900 GeV and 7 TeV • Removed detectors from tunnel in July 2010 • Post-calibration beam test in October 2010 • Upgrade to more rad-hard detectors for 14TeV in 2014

  11. TeV Gamma not only from Crab but Underground! ! Longitudinal development Energy Determination Position Determination Lateral development Silicon X Silicon Y Event sample measured by Arm2 at 30 March 2010

  12. Particle Identification • PID (EM shower selection) • Select events <L90%threshold and multiply P/ε ε(photon detection efficiency) and P (photon purity) • By normalizing MC template L90% to data, ε and P for certain L90% threshold are determined. hadron EM EM hadron EM L90% L90%

  13. Photon spectra at √s=7TeV collisions(Adriani et al., PLB, 2011) • Spectra of Arm1&2 at common η • σine = 71.5mb assumed; consistent with the other LHC experiments zero degree

  14. Comparison with Models Adriani et al., PLB, 2011 DPMJET 3.04 QGSJET II-03 SIBYLL 2.1 EPOS 1.99 PYTHIA 8.145

  15. π0 identification 1(E1) R • A Pi0 candidate event • 599GeV &419GeV photonsin 25mm and 32mm tower, respectively • M = θ√(E1xE2) 140m Longitudinal development  Large Cal. Small Cal. 2(E2) Event sample in Arm2 I.P.1 Lateral development Silicon X Silicon Y Comparison with models, in progress Invariant mass of photon pairs

  16. π0 Analysis more… Original Idea New Analysis!

  17. π0 spectrum and air shower • Artificial modification of meson spectra and its effect to air shower • Importance of E/E0>0.1 mesons • Playing at LHC energy within reasonable modification range QGSJET II original Artificial modification X=E/E0 Ignoring X>0.1 meson π0 spectrum at Elab = 1019eV Longitudinal AS development 30g/cm2

  18. 900GeV Analysis(Next target to publication) Preliminary Preliminary 102 102 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 Energy (GeV) Energy (GeV) • Entry normalization • No PID bias correction • Ongoing works • Luminosity normalization • PID correction • Systematics study • Increasing MC statistics , etc… Data DPMJET 3.04 QGSJET II-03 SIBYLL 2.1 PYTHIA 8.146 EPOS 1.99

  19. Experimental Plan • 14TeV p-p collisions (Elab=1.0x1017eV) • Assured in 2014 • LHC p-Pb collisions • In discussion for 2012 • RHIC 500GeV p-p collisions • Starting discussion • LHC/RHIC (p,C,Fe)-CNO collisions

  20. Experimental Plan • 14TeV p-p collisions (Elab=1.0x1017eV) • Assured in 2014 --- highest energy • LHC p-Pb collisions • In discussion for 2012 • RHIC 500GeV p-p collisions • Starting discussion • LHC/RHIC (p,C,Fe)-CNO collisions

  21. Experimental Plan • 14TeV p-p collisions (Elab=1.0x1017eV) • Assured in 2014 --- highest energy • LHC p-Pb collisions • In discussion for 2012 --- nuclear effect • RHIC 500GeV p-p collisions • Starting discussion • LHC/RHIC (p,C,Fe)-CNO collisions

  22. Experimental Plan • 14TeV p-p collisions (Elab=1.0x1017eV) • Assured in 2014 --- highest energy • LHC p-Pb collisions • In discussion for 2012 --- nuclear effect • RHIC 500GeV p-p collisions • Starting discussion --- energy dependence • LHC/RHIC (p,C,Fe)-CNO collisions

  23. Experimental Plan • 14TeV p-p collisions (Elab=1.0x1017eV) • Assured in 2014 --- highest energy • LHC p-Pb collisions • In discussion for 2012 --- nuclear effect • RHIC 500GeV p-p collisions • Starting discussion --- energy dependence • LHC/RHIC (p,C,Fe)-CNO collisions • Dream! Before my retirement…

  24. Related to CTA???

  25. Related to CTA??? Proton : E-2 (<512TeV) Beam (3° FWHM) 0° 5° 20° 10° Karlsson and Kamae, ApJ 674, 278-285 (2008)

  26. Summary • LHCf successfully took data at LHC 0.9 and 7TeV p-p collisions • First analysis results for photon spectra • None of the models can fit the data, but the data is within model diversity • Further analysis on going • Variety of future experiments are assured and in discussion • Possible relation to CTA physics?

  27. Backup

  28. Secondary inHadron Interaction Multi meson production (Low energy) (High energy) π+ π- π0 Leading baryons γ μ proton / neutron Next interaction EM shower

  29. LHCf can measure Multi meson production (Low energy) (High energy) π+ π- π0 Leading baryons γ μ proton / neutron Next interaction EM shower

  30. Key measurementsin colliders E0 EM shower E leading baryon Elasticity / inelasticity Meson Multiplicity Total cross section (TOTEM at LHC) Forward spectra

  31. Primary CR - energy - chemical composition - direction Astrophysical parameters - source type - source distribution - source spectrum - source composition - propagation Observations - lateral distribution - longitudinal distribution - particle type - arrival timing Air shower experiments

  32. Primary CR - energy - chemical composition - direction Astrophysical parameters - source type - source distribution - source spectrum - source composition - propagation Air shower development - interaction - atmosphere Observations - lateral distribution - longitudinal distribution - particle type - arrival timing Air shower experiments

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