Madagascar: the Mantadia Biological Corridor REDD/ AR project BioCF Training February, 8 th 2008

1. Madagascar: the Mantadia Biological Corridor REDD/ AR projectBioCF TrainingFebruary, 8th 2008 With material fromJames MacKinnon. Conservation International, Madagascar

2. Madagascar and climate change • Climate change has been observed and is perceived to be a problem • Concern over the spread of diseases, drought, coral reef degradation • Biodiversity loss (high level of endemism) • Greatest source of GHG emissions is deforestation • > 75% of the population of 18 million is rural and dependent on the land and its natural resources

3. Drivers of Deforestation • Slash-and-burn agriculture (Tavy) • Charcoal production for use in towns and cities • Conversion of forest to plant maize for export as cattle feed • Legal and illegal Forestry • Legal and illegal Mining

4. Reducing Deforestation • The government’s National Environmental Action Plan has successfully reduced deforestation rates: 1990-2000: 0.83% loss/year 2000-2005: 0.53% loss/year • Remaining natural forest: 10 million ha (~15% of original cover) • Protected areas have been the key to this success; currently 0.12% loss/year (i.e. 5 times lower than the national average) Deforestation Data: CI/IRG/USAID, 2007

5. Commitment to increase protected areas • Presidential commitment at the World Parks Congress Durban, 2003: • Triple surface area under protection (to 6 million hectares) by 2012 • New Protected Area categories that better integrate communities • Anticipated carbon revenues are key to financing these new protected areas

6. Mantadia Biological Corridor REDD / AR Project • The Mantadia corridor: • Ankeniheny-Zahamena Protected Area (425,000 hectares) - REDD • Mantadia reforestation area (3,020 hectares of habitat restoration) • Project led by MEEF, with support from CI and World Bank (EP3) • BioCF: purchases credits (CERs + REDD VERs) • MEEF (Ministry of the Environment) – carbon aggregator • Signs agreements with landholders

7. Mantadia corridor: a multi-benefit approach Objectives: • Reduce carbon emissions, conserve native biodiversity, enhance human welfare and restore degraded land • Conservation (REDD) and Ecological restoration (reforestation): • REDD: 425,000 hectares • Reforestation: 3,020 hectares • Agroforestry, fuelwood gardens • Government led and coordinated project with a large alliance of partners (CI, WB, USAID, ANAE, etc.)

8. Restoration of unique threatened habitat • 7 local associations running tree nurseries and planting • 500,000 seedlings of > 100 native species • 45 hectares (of 3,020 ha) have been planted on government owned land • Land tenure rights will be clarified for communities in the region Pale green: restoration area Dark green: Existing forest Red line: Protected Area boundaries Yellow line: Project Area boundaries

9. Addressing leakage: Sustainable Livelihoods • Improved use of fallow land (Savoka gardens) • Intensification of agricultural practices to reduce slash and burn • Agroforestry techniques and fruit gardens (1,261 hectares) • Woodlots (660 hectares) • Support to land tenure regularization • Links to ecotourism activities in the same area • These activities provide both immediate and long term benefits

10. REDD through protected area creation • Establishment of a new 425,000 ha protected area (site de conservation) • Multiple use protected area: • Core protected zone (80,000 ha) • Community use zone • Co-managed by the Forestry Department in conjunction with local authorities and local communities • The area was granted temporary protection from forestry and mining in Dec. 2005 • Project to start adoption of WB REDD Methodology

11. Emissions Reductions & financing • Habitat restoration/ reforestation is expected to produce 800,000 tCO2e of Emissions Reductions • Contract (ERPA) between the government and the World Bank’s Bio Carbon Fund for 200,000 CERs from restoration • REDD: projected to produce over 10 million tCO2e over 30 years • Contract (ERPA) is currently under discussion for VERs from the REDD component. BioCF to purchase 600,000 tCO2e • REDD VERs proceeds to fund a National Environmental Trust Fund, financing: • Community-based conservation initiatives; • Site management; • Long-term financial sustainability for PA management

12. REDD VERs estimates • Deforestation in the 80,000 of core area: • 1990: 71,000 ha. forest cover / 2000: 61,000 ha. forest cover • Loss of 13,4 %. 1.4% annual deforestation. However: • 0.07 in Protected Areas & 1.96% in Classified Forests and Private Land (Data from Mark Steiniger et al. (2004)) • REDD ERs estimates • BAU: deforestation of 1.67% • Project scenario: deforestation rate of 0.07 to be gradually achieved in 30 years. Deforestation reduction starts at year 7, when agroforestry and fuelwood gardens mature REDD VER estimates: Up to and including 2012: 3,541,317 tCO2e Up to a period of 14 years (2020): 5,517,556 tCO2e Over the 30-year specified project life (2036): 8,715,319 tCO2e

13. Challenges for habitat restoration • Research and development of appropriate restoration techniques • Training of local associations in nursery and planting techniques • Land tenure (title needs to be clear). Different kinds of land tenure • Funding (investment costs) • Coordination of logistics, administration and amongst multiple stakeholders

14. Challenges for REDD projects • Start-up costs • Classic protected areas issues: • Finding appropriate alternatives • Ensuring community benefits and involvement in the management of natural resources • Monitoring of deforestation: • Availability of land cover data • Expense of monitoring • Capacity to monitor • Project x National Approach • How to account for a REDD project in a national REDD strategy

15. Thank you! André Aquino BioCarbon Fund & FCPF adeaquino@worldbank.org