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2004 SIP Summit Gasoline and Propane Engines

2004 SIP Summit Gasoline and Propane Engines. January 14, 2004. How Are Off-Road Spark-Ignited Engines Categorized?. Small Off-Road Engines (SORE) Large Spark-Ignited Engines (LSI) Recreational Marine (Inboard, Outboard, Sterndrive, PWCs).

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2004 SIP Summit Gasoline and Propane Engines

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  1. 2004 SIP Summit Gasoline and Propane Engines January 14, 2004

  2. How Are Off-RoadSpark-Ignited Engines Categorized? • Small Off-Road Engines (SORE) • Large Spark-Ignited Engines (LSI) • Recreational Marine (Inboard, Outboard, Sterndrive, PWCs)

  3. Emissions Inventory Comparison2010 HC+NOx Statewide

  4. Small Off-Road Engines and Equipment • Engines < 25 hp • Two and four-stroke engines • Primarily lawn & garden & small industrial • Handheld/Nonhandheld • Residential/Commercial • Short lifespan = 3 - 7 years

  5. History SORE Amendments Implemented and U.S. EPA Finalizes Regulations 1st SORE Regulation Adopted Board Approved New Exhaust and Evaporative Requirements SORE Regulation Amended 1st SORE Standards Implemented 1990 1995 1998 2000 2003

  6. How Important AreEvaporative Emissions? • Current equipment have no evaporative emission limits • Emissions arise from vented fuel caps, vented carbs, and permeation from fuel tank and lines • Evaporative emissions are becoming a larger percentage of SORE emissions as exhaust emissions decrease

  7. How Important is ControllingSORE Emissions?HC+NOx Statewide Evaporative + Exhaust Inventory 2005 170 tpd 2010 135 tpd 2020 120 tpd

  8. New SIP Commitments • Includes two SORE measures • SMALL OFF-RD-1 (Handheld) • SMALL OFF-RD-2 (Nonhandheld) • Regulations incorporating these measures approved by the Board on September 25, 2003

  9. New 2005 ModelHandheld StandardsSMALL OFF-RD-1 • 30% reduction from current standard for <50cc engines • Technologies • Four-stroke • Two-stroke with a catalyst • Stratified scavenging • Two-stroke/four-stroke hybrids • Electric equipment • Low evaporative permeation standards for fuel tanks

  10. New 2007/8 Model Nonhandheld StandardsSMALL OFF-RD-2 • New evaporative standards • Low permeation fuel lines and tanks • Control of diurnal emissions • New exhaust standards • Based on the use of a catalytic converter • 2007/2008 implementation

  11. Comparison of Controlled EmissionsHC+NOx Statewide - Non-Preempt Baseline SIP Control 2010 120 tpd 100 tpd 2020 130 tpd 80 tpd

  12. Other Possible Strategies • Investigating increased use of electrics • Studying feasibility of electric requirement for residential equipment • Available equipment include trimmers, chainsaws, blowers, walk-behind mowers • Incentives for scrap • Obtain funding to scrap older engines • Existing scrap programs are successful

  13. Conclusions • Both SIP measures already adopted • Will reduce 20 TPD HC+NOx statewide in 2010 • Studying feasibility of electric requirement • Evaluating future scrap programs

  14. Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Engines 25 hp and Greater

  15. What are “LSI Engines”? • Gasoline and LPG • Mainly industrial equipment • Typical life of 7-10 years • Older car technology • Federal preemption

  16. History ARB Requires 100% Compliance/EPA’s Standards Implemented ARB Adopts Catalyst-Based Standards U.S. EPA Finalizes Standards EPA Standards Become More Stringent ARB Standards Implemented 1998 2001 2002 2004 2007

  17. How Important is Controlling LSI Emissions?HC+NOx Statewide Exhaust Emissions Inventory 2005 48 tpd 2010 36 tpd 2020 27 tpd

  18. Forklifts Are Major Contributors to the LSI Inventory

  19. New SIP Commitments • OFF-RD LSI-1 • Lower Emission Standards for New Engines • OFF-RD LSI-2 • Clean Up Off-Road Gas Equipment Fleet Through Retrofit and New Emission Standards

  20. New Emission Standards:OFF-RD LSI-1 • More stringent HC+NOx standard beginning with 2007 MY • 1.0 - 2.0 g/bhp-hr HC+NOx • Similar to Federal 2007 standards • Includes • Evaporative emission control • Lower standards for <1 L engines • Consider SORE levels

  21. Retrofit/New Standards:OFF-RD LSI-2 • Retrofit existing uncontrolled equipment with catalysts where feasible • Explore use of ZEV/PZEV technologies in place of current IC engines

  22. Comparison of Controlled EmissionsHC+NOx Statewide Baseline SIP Control 2010 36 tpd 29 tpd 2020 27 tpd 19 tpd

  23. Other Possible Strategies • Statewide registration program • Allows tracking of equipment • Enhances effectiveness of a retrofit program • Obtain funding for incentive programs • Provide incentives for cleaner vehicles and equipment • Moyer Program

  24. Conclusions • 2007 new engine standards • Retrofit of existing equipment and zero/near-zero standards where feasible • Equipment registration program • Incentives for cleaner engines

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