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Climate

Climate. CGC1D Wed. Feb. 26, 2014. What is Weather?. Defined as: The day-to-day characteristics such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed/direction, cloud cover and air pressure example: Weather – Sioux Lookout, Ontario

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Climate

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  1. Climate CGC1D Wed. Feb. 26, 2014

  2. What is Weather? • Defined as: • The day-to-day characteristics such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed/direction, cloud cover and air pressure example:Weather – Sioux Lookout, Ontario Current Weather Updated: Tuesday, February 25, 2014, 14:00

  3. What is Climate? • Defined as: The weather conditions of a place averaged over a long period of time example: CLIMATE - Sioux Lookout, Ontario • Sioux Lookout has a continental climate, with a warm summer and a cold winter • Winters in Sioux Lookout are severe • Sioux Lookout, like other cities in Ontario, enjoys a sunny climate

  4. Climate Factors that affect climate- Remember the phrase “LOWER Near water”: Latitude Ocean currents Winds and air masses Elevation Relief Near Water

  5. Factors that Affect Climate: Latitude- degrees N or S of equator Average annual temperatures

  6. Factors that Affect Climate: Ocean currents- currents have an effect on nearby land masses. (Either cooling or warming it) • North Pacific currentheatsair above it, warming coastalBritish Columbia • cold Labrador current meets warm Gulf Stream moving north off coast of Newfoundland,creating foggy conditions (100 foggy days per year)

  7. Factors that Affect Climate: Winds and air masses- jet stream and prevailing winds- most weather systems move West to East across Canada

  8. Factors that Affect Climate: Elevation- air cools as it rises.

  9. Factors that Affect Climate: Relief- windward side of mountain experiences more precipitation than leeward side. (see Fig. 13-7 in text on page 151)

  10. Near Water- water has a moderating effect on the climate. Continental Climate • Located in the interior of a large land mass • Large range of temperatures (greater than 25C) • Less rain (less than 1000 mm) • Receives most precipitation in summer • Warm-hot summers, cold winters • e.g., Sioux Lookout Maritime Climate • Located near a large body of water • Small range of temperatures (less than 25C) • More rain (greater than 1000 mm) • Receives most precipitation in winter • Cool-warm summers, cool winters • e.g., Halifax, NS

  11. Climate • We can illustrate climate and compare climates from different locations easily using a climograph 43.4N, 79.4 W Elevation 173m

  12. Climate – A Climograph of Toronto 30 140 25 130 Red dots= temperature 20 120 110 15 100 10 5 90 Precip (mm) Temp. (oC) 0 80 -5 70 -10 60 50 Blue bars= precipitation -15 -20 40 -25 30 -30 20 -35 10 -40 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Months

  13. World Climates Check out THIS website to compare climographs around the world.

  14. Soil and Vegetation CGC1D

  15. Soil and Vegetation • Soil is a naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose material on the surface of the earth, capable of supporting life • Soil is made up of four components (MOMA): • Minerals • Organic Material • Moisture • Air • More about qualities of soil (and their disappearance!) will be discussed in Unit 3

  16. Soil and Vegetation • Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region (which very much depends on soil quality) • In Canada, we have everything from desert cactus to massive rainforest trees, and everything in between • Mosses • Plants • Shrubs • Coniferous trees • Deciduous trees

  17. Ecozones • An ecozone is an area of the earth’s surface that has a unique combination of plants, wildlife, climate, landforms, and human activities. • If you were to overlay or combine the climate, landforms, soil (and vegetation) maps of Canada shown in this slideshow, you would see patterns emerge resulting in Canada’s 15 terrestrial (land) ecozones + + =

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