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The Union & Confederacy, 1861

Unit 5: Causes of the Civil War Through Reconstruction Chapter 14: A Violent Choice – Civil War, 1861-1865. The Union & Confederacy, 1861. Northern Advantages. Wealthy – better able to finance the war Strong industrial base Larger population Superior Navy Extensive railroad network.

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The Union & Confederacy, 1861

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  1. Unit 5: Causes of the Civil War Through ReconstructionChapter 14: A Violent Choice – Civil War, 1861-1865

  2. The Union & Confederacy, 1861

  3. Northern Advantages • Wealthy – better able to finance the war • Strong industrial base • Larger population • Superior Navy • Extensive railroad network

  4. Southern Advantages • Vast in size, making it difficult to conquer • Fought a defensive war on its home territory • Group of experienced & skilled military commanders

  5. North vs. South

  6. Immigrantsas a %of a State’sPopulationin1860

  7. Resources: North and South

  8. Railroad Lines, 1860

  9. Union Strategies • Anaconda Plan • Naval blockade to shut out supplies from Europe; eventually was effective • Campaign to take the Mississippi River, which would split the South in two • The taking of several strategic points, which would require huge armies to apply pressure on the Confederacy

  10. The Anaconda Plan

  11. The Diplomatic Front • Southerners thought that the British & French, driven by their desire for cotton, would intervene on the South’s behalf • Confederates prohibited the export of cotton in order to hasten British & French intervention • British were successful in finding alternative sources of cotton • British public opinion opposed slavery

  12. The Diplomatic Front • Northern leaders took a hard line warning Europeans not to interfere • Europeans remained neutral

  13. The Diplomatic Front • The Trent Incident • Nov. 1861 Union leaders stopped the British ship, Trent, & removed Confederate emissaries • British were outraged, viewing it as a violation of their rights on the seas • Lincoln peacefully resolved the situation

  14. Battle of Antietam: Bloodiest Day of the War September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties

  15. The Emancipation Proclamation

  16. Emancipation in 1863

  17. African Americans in Civil War Battles

  18. The 54th Massachusetts • First black regiment recruited in the North • Protested unequal pay • Lead the assault on Battery Wagner in Charleston Harbor but lost (July 1863) The 54th Massachusetts Infantry attacking Fort Wagner July, 1863

  19. Gettysburg Casualties

  20. The Gettysburg Address Lincoln’s address at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery, Nov. 19, 1863

  21. Instituting the Draft • Congress passed the first Conscription Act in 1863 • The rich hired substitutes to go in their place

  22. NYC Draft Riots July 13-16, 1863

  23. Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant College Act 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act

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