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JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS 21(2013)242-246

JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS 21(2013)242-246. 第一組 組員 : 4A1H0067 丁云淳 4A1H0080 林郁彗 4A1H0089 廖宥凱 指導老師 : 褚俊傑老師. A review on the response and management of the plasticizer-tainted food incident in Taiwan.

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JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS 21(2013)242-246

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  1. JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS 21(2013)242-246 第一組 組員 :4A1H0067 丁云淳 4A1H0080林郁彗 4A1H0089廖宥凱 指導老師: 褚俊傑老師

  2. A review on the response and management of theplasticizer-tainted food incident in Taiwan Yu-Hsuan Chen a,*, Shu-Ching Fu a, Jhih-Kai Huang a, Hwei-Fang Cheng a, Jaw-Jou Kang b a Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC b Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

  3. ABSTRACT • While conducting an inspection project on counterfeit drugs in 2011, the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (FDA) discovered a probiotic product that was contaminated with the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). After a thorough investigation, it was confirmed that the plasticizer had been deliberately added to the clouding agent as a substitute for an emulsifier. • The illegal use of DEHP contaminated a broad range of foods and nutraceutical products. • Actions were undertaken to perform food source control, to strengthen monitoring and surveillance of the production and marketing chain.

  4. Introduction • Plasticizers are added to plastics, concrete, wallboard, cement, gypsum, and other products to increase the flexibility or fluidity of a material. • Phthalic acid esters are the most widely used plasticizers and include di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP),di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP).

  5. The plasticizers DEHP and DINP are often added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to create a wide range of products such as floor boards, decorations, food packages, and medical devices. • Using plasticizers as food additives is neverallowed. • Some kinds ofphthalates are endocrine disrupting substances such as DEHP,DBP, and BBP. These have been identified as toxic to animaldevelopment and reproduction

  6. Event description • During an inspection of counterfeit drugs by the Taiwan Foodand Drug Administration (TFDA) in April 2011, a probioticproduct was found to contain a highconcentration of DEHP. • Further analysis confirmed that the clouding agents used hadbeen adulterated with DEHP.

  7. In mid-May 2011, it was determinedthat a clouding agent manufacturer, the Yu ShenChemical Company, wasadulterating its clouding agents withDEHPas a substitute for palm oil to reduce the productioncost. • During the investigation, the TFDA found another manufacturer,the Pin Han Perfumery Company, that was adulteratingclouding agents by adding another plasticizer, DINP.

  8. Emergency response initiation • All tainted or suspectedproducts were removed from the shelves for public healthprotection. • The government convened a cross-agencymeeting and an intra-agency incident management teamwas established on May 19, 2011.

  9. “D-Day” set and countermeasures taken by thegovernment • “D-Day”, which was the due date that all plasticizer-taintedproducts needed to be removed from store shelves. • Safetycertificates that indicated the product was not contaminatedwith the plasticizer needed to be supplied for five categories offoods: sports drinks, juices, tea beverages, jams, fruit pastes,and jellies, and supplied for food supplements in capsules,tablets, and powder form, if they contained a clouding agent.

  10. Nearly 900food products from 425 companies were using plasticizertaintedclouding agents supplied by the Yu Shen ChemicalCompany or by the Pin Han Perfumer Company (Fig. 1).

  11. Countermeasures for the exportation of relatedproducts • The TFDA notified the International Food Safety AuthoritiesNetwork (IFSAN) of the World Health Organization (WHO) andthe Rapid Alert System of Food and Feed (RASFF) of the EuropeanUnion (EU) about the products and relevant companiesduring its ongoing investigations on clouding agents containingDEHP and DINP from the Yu Shen Chemical Companyand the PinHan Perfumery Company, respectively.

  12. Mobilization of laboratory capacity • The TFDA established a method for analyzing phthalate plasticizers in foods by using liquidchromatograph/ tandemmass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS). Of these, 1035 samples of raw materials (which included clouding agents, spices, concentrated juice or jam) were tested and 239 (23.1%)samples were tainted with phthalate (Table 1).

  13. Tab1,tab2 二圖DEHP含量差很多是因為tab1為原料而tab2為商品,則濃度經由上游至下游差別就很大

  14. 假設一成人為70kg,而人體 DEHP許可濃度為0.05mg/kg, 所以此人能代謝DEHP的量 為3.5mg/L ,若此人喝下一 瓶運動飲料(tab.2)含量DEHP 10mg/L,則會超標三倍之多

  15. Risk communication, health education and medicalconsultation service • The TFDA website provided real-time recall information forplasticizer-tainted products, health risk information, questionsand answers (Q&A), and other related information.

  16. National food safety conference • To restore public confidence in food safety and to rebuild theimage of the MIT food industry, the DOH held a NationalFood Safety Conference on June 21, 2011 and June 22, 2011. • To rebuild consumer confidence, theconference concluded with three major proposals toimprove food safety.

  17. Industry upgrade • A mandatory registration system should be established to accredit and superintend food manufacturers. • The inspections,continuing education systems, and research capabilitiesshould be strengthened, and the government shouldsupport the establishment of a food additive manufacturersassociation.

  18. Policy support • Theadministrative regulations governing the practices of foodadditives, the classifications of food additives, and certificationsystems for food technologists should be revised orestablished.

  19. Social responsibility • The industry is also responsible for safeguarding food safetyto protect consumers. Effective risk communication practicesare important in reducing public panic.

  20. Strengthening policies and ending thecrisis • On July 13, the DOH announced the tolerable daily intake(TDI) levels for fivecommonplasticizers (Table 3). The TDIs canbe used to assess the risk associated with a specific plasticizertaintedfood product, and to judge whether the amount ofplasticizer exposure is harmful to human health. • Investigationshave shown that no more companies were implicated and nomore products had to be removed from shelves since June 14,2011.

  21. Conclusion • The food industrymust place public health ahead of production costsaving.Health officialshavecalledontheindustry to strengtheninternal oversight, employ food safety professionals, and establish standardized processes. The industry, consumers,and government must work together to protect food safety.

  22. THE END~ 圖片來源:http://blog.chinatimes.com/kisplay/archive/2011/06/12/710843.html

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