The Roaring Life of the 1920s

1. CHAPTER The Roaring Life of the 1920s 21 Overview Time Lines 1 Changing Ways of Life SECTION 2 The Twenties Woman SECTION 3 Education and Popular Culture SECTION 4 The Harlem Renaissance SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 21 Constitutional Concerns Women in America Science and Technology Migration and Immigration CHAPTER The Roaring Life of the 1920s 21 HOME “The Era of Wonderful Nonsense” Westbrook Pegler, newspaper columnist

3. What do you know? • What are your impressions of the 1920s? What kinds of music, dances, and other entertainment do you associate with the 1920s? Read the quote above and answer the following: • What kinds of “wonderful nonsense” was Pegler referring to? • What images does the phrase “Roaring Twenties” refer to? CHAPTER The Roaring Life of the 1920s 21 HOME “The Era of Wonderful Nonsense” Westbrook Pegler, newspaper columnist

4. 1920The National Woman’s Party celebrates the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. 1921Andrew Mellon is named secretary of the treasury. 1922Harlem Renaissance flourishes. 1923Supreme Court strikes down minimum wage law for women. 1925Scopes trial takes place in Tennessee. Physicist R.A. Millikan discovers cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere. 1927 Charles Lindbergh makes first solo transatlantic flight. CHAPTER Time Line 21 HOME The United States

5. 1920Pan-Africanism movement gains strength. 1921Irish civil war begins. 1924Greece is proclaimed a republic. 1925Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf. 1927Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Union’s Communist Party. 1928President Alvaro Obregón of Mexico is assassinated. CHAPTER Time Line 21 HOME The World

6. Learn About life in the cities, Prohibition, and the outcome of the Scopes trial. To Understand how the Twenties reflected conflicts and tensions in American culture. SECTION 1 Changing Ways of Life HOME

7. SECTION 1 Changing Ways of Life HOME Key Idea Americans experience cultural conflicts as customs and values change in the United States during the 1920s.

8. ISSUE: Prohibition ISSUE: teaching evolution LEGISLATION: The Eighteenth Amendment banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. LEGISLATION: A Tennessee state law made it a crime to teach evolution. OUTCOME: Many Americans broke the law. OUTCOME: Biology teacher John Scopes broke the law, was arrested, and was convicted. SECTION 1 Changing Ways of Life HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What legislation was passed in response to the issues of Prohibition and teaching evolution? What was the outcome of the legislation?

9. ANALYZING How might the overall atmosphere of the 1920s have contributed to the failure of prohibition? THINK ABOUT • changing values • changing lifestyles • fashions of the time SECTION 1 Changing Ways of Life HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. FORMING OPINIONS Do you think the passage of the Volstead Act and the verdict of the Scopes trial represent genuine triumphs for traditional values? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • changes in urban life in the 1920s • the effects of Prohibition • the legacy of the Scopes trial SECTION 1 Changing Ways of Life HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About changes in lifestyles, jobs, and families during the 1920s. To Understand how women’s roles changed. SECTION 2 The Twenties Woman HOME

12. SECTION 2 The Twenties Woman HOME Key Idea The American woman of the 1920s pursues new lifestyles and assumes new jobs and different roles in society.

13. lifestyleswearing new clothing, wearing more makeup, playing golf, dancing jobsteachers, nurses, librarians, social workers, clerical workers, store clerks, factory workers families decline in birthrate, higher divorce rate, more leisure time for housewives because of labor-saving devices, more pressure on working-class women SECTION 2 The Twenties Woman HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some examples of the changing role of women in the 1920s? CHANGES: WOMEN IN THE 1920s

14. ANALYZING During the 1920s, a double standard required women to observe stricter codes of behavior than men. Do you think that some women of this decade made real progress toward placing both genders on an equal footing? THINK ABOUT • psychologist G. Stanley Hall’s observations • the flapper’s style and image • changing views of marriage SECTION 2 The Twenties Woman HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. FORMING OPINIONS Today the term “glass ceiling” refers to the barriers women and minorities encounter in seeking higher career positions. In your opinion, could this term be applied to women’s job opportunities during the 1920s? THINK ABOUT • technology’s impact on jobs • women’s battle for equality • roadblocks to professional success for women SECTION 2 The Twenties Woman HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About the growth of schools, movies, mass media, and spectator sports. To Understand how the United States developed a popular culture in the 1920s—a culture that many artists and writers criticized. SECTION 3 Education and Popular Culture HOME

17. SECTION 3 Education and Popular Culture HOME Key Idea The mass media, movies, and spectator sports play important roles in the popular culture of the 1920s.

18. SUMMARIZING What were some events relating to popular culture of the 1920s? 1926Gertrude Ederle’s historic swim across the English Channel 1928production of Steamboat Willie, the first animated talkie 1920first scheduled radio broadcast 1923founding of Time 1927Tunney-Dempsey boxing match,Lindbergh’s solo flight to Paris,Babe Ruth’s record-breaking 60 home runs, The Jazz Singer SECTION 3 Education and Popular Culture HOME 33 Section Assessment

19. FORMING OPINIONS Do you think the popular heroes of the 1920s were heroes in a real sense? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • how you define heroism • the media hyping of sports stars during the 1920s • the accomplishments of Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Gertrude Ederle, and Charles Lindbergh SECTION 3 Education and Popular Culture HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. SYNTHESIZING In what ways do you think the mass media and mass culture helped Americans create a sense of community in the 1920s? THINK ABOUT • the content and readership of newspapers and magazines • attendance at sports events and movie theaters • the scope of radio broadcasts SECTION 3 Education and Popular Culture HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the efforts of the NAACP, Marcus Garvey’s movement, and the Harlem Renaissance. To Understand why the 1920s were a crucial era in African-American history. SECTION 4 The Harlem Renaissance HOME

22. SECTION 4 The Harlem Renaissance HOME Key Idea African-American ideas, politics, art, literature, and music flourish in Harlem and elsewhere in the United States.

23. SUMMARIZING Who were some of the outstanding African-American artists and their achievements during the Harlem Renaissance? Harlem Renaissance: Areas of Achievement Writers:Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston Performers:Paul Robeson,Ethel Waters Musicians:Bessie Smith,Louis Armstrong SECTION 4 The Harlem Renaissance HOME 4 Section Assessment

24. ANALYZING CAUSES Speculate on why an African-American renaissance flowered during the 1920s. THINK ABOUT • racial discrimination in the South • campaigns for equality in the North • the diverse cultures that made up Harlem’s soaring population • the changing culture of all Americans SECTION 4 The Harlem Renaissance HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. GENERALIZING What were some of the most important ideas, opinions, and beliefs expressed in African-American literature of the 1920s? THINK ABOUT • the experience of writers such as Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston • what that society was like • the flowering of the Harlem Renaissance in all the arts SECTION 4 The Harlem Renaissance HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 21 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. Why was heavy funding needed to enforce the Volstead Act? 2. Explain the circumstances and outcome of biology teacher John Scopes’s trial. 3. Describe the appearance of the typical flapper, including her hair style, clothing, and fashion accessories. 4. What were the key social, economic, and technological changes of the 1920s that affected women’s marriages and their family life? 5. How did high schools change during the 1920s?

27. 21 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. What fads gained popularity during the 1920s? 7. Cite examples of the flaws in American society that some famous 1920s authors attacked in their writing. 8. What do the Great Migration and the growth of the NAACP and UNIA reveal about the African-American experience in this period? 9. What were some of the important themes dealt with by African-American writers in the Harlem Renaissance? 10. What were some of the important African-American achievements in the arts during this period?