The Circulatory System Mrs. Hoover

1. The Circulatory SystemMrs. Hoover http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/disease/heartdiseaserev1.shtml

2. Objectives • Diversity and Adaptations of Organisms - The student will engage in investigations that integrate the process standards and lead to the discovery of the following objectives: • 1. By classifying organisms, biologists consider details of internal and external structure. • 2. Organisms have a great variety of internal and external structures that enable them to survive.

3. The Circulatory System: Introduction • The circulatory system (or cardiovascular system) moves blood throughout the body. • Consists of 3 main components: • Heart • Blood Vessels • Blood • Interacts with all tissue systems in the body.

4. The Circulatory System: the body’s transport system. http://room212bio.posterous.com/?tag=diseases http://grovebiol.co.uk/humphys3transpt.aspx Blood Vessels Heart http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bone_marrow_transplantation.aspx Blood

5. Heart: Anatomy • Pumps blood to circulate throughout your body • Located in the center of the chest cavity • The apex (or bottom) of the heart points towards the left • Strongest muscle in the body • Encased in a fluid filled sac known as the pericardium • Separated into right and left sides by the septum • Contains 4 chambers • Right atrium, right ventricle • Left atrium, left ventricle

6. Heart: Atrium • The atrium is the top chamber of the heart http://www.evgschool.org/heart_diagram.htm

7. Heart: Ventricle • Lower, larger chamber of the heart • Contains thick walls of muscle to help pump out a greater capacity of blood than the atrium • The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it has to send blood out to the entire body, whereas the right ventricle only sends blood to the lungs

8. Heart: Valves • Keeps blood flowing in one direction • Heart contains 4 • Tricuspid valve * • Separates right atrium from right ventricle • Has 3 “leaflets” • Bicuspid valve * • Separates left atrium from right ventricle • Has 2 “leaflets” http://www.yourheartvalve.com/heartbasics/heartvalves.htm

9. Heart: Valves • Aortic valve * • Lies between the aorta (see blood vessels) and the left ventricle • Known as a semilunar valve (contains 3 cusps) • Pulmonary valve * • Lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (see blood vessels) • Known as a semilunar valve http://www.yourheartvalve.com/heartbasics/heartvalves.htm

10. Heart: Blood Flow body  right atrium  right ventricle  lungs  left atrium  left ventricle  Back to Menu

11. Blood Vessels • Carry blood in the circulatory system • All emerge from the base of the heart • Consist of: • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries

12. Blood Vessels: Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart • 2 Major arteries associated with the heart • Aorta • Directs blood from the left ventricle to the body • Pulmonary arteries • Directs blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

13. Blood Vessels: Arteries

14. Blood Vessels: Veins • Carry blood to the heart • 2 major veins associated with the heart • Venaecavae (“veena cave-a”) • Returns blood from the body to the right atrium • Pulmonary veins • Returns blood from the lungs to the left atrium

15. Blood Vessels: Veins

16. Blood Vessels: Capillaries • Porous vessels found within tissues • Place of exchange between blood and tissues • Blood enters tissues and exchanges oxygen and materials • Connection between arteries and veins http://www.chelationtherapyonline.com/articles/p198.htm

17. Blood Vessels: Blood Flow heart  arteries lungs  veins  heart  arteries  capillaries  veins  Back to Menu

18. Blood • Fluid that is found in the circulatory system • Carries oxygen and other materials to tissues in the body • Produced in bone marrow • Cleaned by the kidneys • Consists of: • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets http://www.english-online.at/biology/blood/blood-supply-and-blood-diseases.htm

19. Blood: Plasma • The liquid portion of blood • Contains: • Water • Ions • Organic Molecules • Dissolved gases • Proteins http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2010/03/mariner-cliff-lee-has-abdominal-strain-using-new-therapy/

20. Blood: Red Blood Cells • Also known as erythrocytes (meaning red) • Main role is to transport gases: • Oxygen from the lungs to tissues • Carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs http://health.allrefer.com/pictures-images/cytochrome-b5-reductase-blood-test.html

21. Blood: White Blood Cells • Also known as leukocytes (meaning white) • Main role is in the body’s immune response defending against foreign invaders: • Parasites • Bacteria • Viruses

22. Blood: White Blood Cells • There are 5 differentcell types: • Lymphocytes • Monocytes • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils • Each cell type performs a specific function in fighting off invaders. http://www.antiaging-skins-care.com/immune.html

23. Blood: Platelets • Also known as thrombocytes (meaning to lump or clot). • Main role is to aid in blood clotting mechanisms • Prevents loss of blood in damaged vessels • Part of wound healing Back to Menu http://www.regenexx.com/tag/platelet-rich-plasma/

24. Review: Circulatory System Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mH0QTWzU-xI

25. Review: Circulatory System Song • <iframe title="YouTube video player" width="640" height="510" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/LqhvmUEdOYY?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0s-1MC1hcE&NR=1

26. Additional Resources • Great video from the Mayo Clinic • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/circulatory-system/MM00636 • Explore the anatomy of the circulatory system from the Texas Heart Institute • http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/ • Test your knowledge by playing these games from Quia • http://www.quia.com/jg/54523.html

27. Quiz • What separates the heart into left and right sides? • Pericardium • Septum • Ventricle • Capillary • The right atrium is larger than the left atrium because it needs more force to pump the blood to the body. • True • False

28. Quiz • Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the heart? • Left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium • Right ventricle, right atrium, lungs, left ventricle, left atrium • Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle • Left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle • Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the blood vessels? • Heart, arteries, lungs, veins, heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart • Heart, veins, lungs, arteries, heart, veins, capillaries, veins, heart • Heart, capillaries, lungs, capillaries, heart, arteries, veins, heart • None of the above

29. Quiz • Which of the following is not found in blood? • Platelets • Plasma • Bile • Cells • How many different types of white blood cells are there? • 1 • 2 • 4 • 5

30. Assignment (25 pts.) • Correctly label the different parts of the heart. (5 pts.) • What are the functions of arteries, veins and capillaries? Where are they found? (5 pts.) • List and define the different components that make up blood. (5 pts.) • Using the worksheet provided, trace the route that blood takes in the circulatory system. Make sure you differentiate between oxygen poor (blue) and oxygen rich (red) blood. (10 pts.)