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Australian Cities: Liveable and Sustainable?

Australian Cities: Liveable and Sustainable?. Presentation to NatStats 2010 Conference Sydney, 16 September 2010. Session: Sustainable Communities in a Global Contex t. Professor Peter Newton Institute for Social Research Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne.

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Australian Cities: Liveable and Sustainable?

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  1. Australian Cities: Liveable and Sustainable? Presentation to NatStats 2010 Conference Sydney, 16 September 2010 Session: Sustainable Communities in a Global Context Professor Peter Newton Institute for Social Research Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne

  2. 21st CENTURY ≠ 20th CENTURY:LIVING IN A CROWDED, URBAN WORLD

  3. 21st CENTURY SETTLEMENT TREND :THE RISE AND RISE OF THE MEGA-METROPOLITAN REGION • The nation’s key economic engines generating 75% of national economic activity (Allen Consulting, 2002) • Key demographic attractors / absorbers, forecast to accommodate 80% of nation’s additional expected population 2002 – 2011 (Approximately 1.5 out of 1.9 million) • Key governance challenge

  4. Objectives for Future Australian Cities (COAG, Dec.2009) “The future strategic planning of cities should ensure that cities are: globally competitive, productive, environmentally sustainable, liveable and socially inclusive and are well placed to meet future challenges and growth”. COAG Minister’s Meeting, Dec. 2009

  5. A Plethora of City Performance Indicators • City Indicators: • Productivity • Sustainability • Liveability • Social Inclusion

  6. Measuring Australia’s Progress Source: ABS (2009)

  7. Model for Delivering Sustainable Urban Development Source: Newton (2006)

  8. City Liveability Rating (Economist Intelligence Unit) Category 1: Stability (25%) Category 2: Healthcare (20%) Category 3: Culture & Environment (25%) Category 4: Education (10%) Category 5: Infrastructure (20%) SOURCE: EIU (2009)

  9. Liveability Ratings of Australian Cities 2009 SOURCE: EIU (2009)

  10. Linkages between Liveability and Competitiveness Source: VCEC (2008)

  11. MEASURING URBAN PERFORMANCE : LIVEABILITY _ SUSTAINABILITY NEXUS Liveability – Sustainability Nexus ?

  12. Ecological Footprint of Australia’s Capital Cities Per Capita Resource Consumption Source: Turner & Foran (2008) = 3+ Planet Living

  13. The Liveability-Sustainability Nexus -- 2010 Liveability Mean 76.18 St.Dev: 17.34 Ecological Footprint Mean: 4.39 St.Dev: 2.83 Source:Newton(2010)

  14. Liveability – Sustainability Quadrants Source: Newton (2010)

  15. Liveability – Sustainability Quadrants Source: Newton (2010)

  16. 21st Century Challenge for High Income Societies Maintain Liveability AND Wind Back Unsustainable Consumption

  17. Pathways to More Sustainable Cities 1. Where technological innovation can deliver infrastructure for the sustainable provision of urban resources and services (TRANSITIONS, Springer, Dordrecht, 2008) 2. Where new planning and design paradigmscan underpin a transition to more sustainable urban development (TECHNOLOGY, DESIGN & PROCESS INNOVATION IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, Taylor & Francis, London, 2009) 3. Where interventions can be identified to trigger behaviour changeamong individuals and households to modify their patterns of resource consumption (LANDSCAPES OF URBAN CONSUMPTION, CSIRO Publishing, 2011)

  18. Technological Innovation

  19. 3 HORIZONS OF URBAN INNOVATION Source: Newton, (2007)

  20. H2/3 TRANSITION TO RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY Transition to renewable and distributed energy generation in context of national grid EXISTING CENTRALISED INDUSTRY NEW DISTRIBUTED INDUSTRY

  21. Transition to Renewable Energy Wind Turbines Solar Thermal Source: Melbourne Energy Institute (2010)

  22. Built Environment Innovation Innovation at Building Scale: Hybrid Buildings?

  23. HYBRID BUILDING / PRECINCT Energy Efficient Building Shell Energy Efficient Appliances Local Energy (Distributed/Embedded) Generation HybridBuilding / Precinct Link to National Energy Grid Source: Newton & Tucker (2009) Hybrid Buildings.

  24. DOES ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING DESIGN MATTER ? • Building Shell • 2.5 to 5.0 Star =56% reduction in annual energy use for heating and cooling • 5.0 to 7.0 Star =18% reduction in annual energy use • 2.5 to 7.0 star =74% reduction in annual energy use (equivalent to saving of 48,300 MJ/yr per detached dwelling)

  25. DO ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES MATTER ? • Built-in and Plug-in Appliances: Potential Savings with Substitution of Technology/Product • 92% reduction in annual CO2 from hot water heating with substitution of solar thermal gas boosted for electric storage • 28% reduction in annual CO2 from plug-in appliances (eg. TVs, refrigerators etc) with substitution of ‘best-of-breed’ for average energy efficiency • 72% reduction in annual CO2 with shift from all electric (cooktop+oven) to all microwave kitchen • 89% reduction in annual CO2 with shift from all halogen to all compact fluorescent lighting

  26. LOCAL ENERGY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES • Photovoltaics (PV) • Solar gas boosted thermal • Wind • Fuel Cell (gas, solar) • Gas CCHP (combined cooling, heatand power) • Ground source heat pump

  27. NET CO2-e EMISSIONS FOR SELECTED SCENARIOS IN TRANSITION TO ZERO CARBON DWELLINGS

  28. POLICY ARENASFOR GREENING THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

  29. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PROSPECT OF CHANGING ATTITUDES, LIFESTYLES, BEHAVIOUR?

  30. Behaviour Change: Theory and Reality

  31. Barriers to Environmental Action • Ownership of Problem • Not my responsibility (22.5%) • I rent – its up to my landlord (28.5%) • It won’t help Melbourne’s environment (19.7%) • No regulation requiring me (27.9%) • Information Shortage/Access • Lack of information (55.4%) • Can’t work out what’s best (47.9%) • Organisational Challenges • Too difficult to organise (54.6%) • Can’t work out what’s best (47.9%) • Difficult to get right trades people (39.3%) • Time Constraints (Level of Priority) • Planning to, but haven’t got to it yet (54.4%) • Lack of time (51.1%) • Financial • Lack of money (68.2%) • Expense not work benefits (52.3%) • I rent – up to the landlord (28.5%) SOURCE: Living in Melbourne Survey (2009)

  32. IN CONCLUSION : DATA NEEDS • WHERE CAN ABS ASSIST ? • LONGITUDINAL SURVEYS TO SUPPORT EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOUR CHANGE PROGRAMS, PRICING ETC. • HARMONISING DATA COLLECTIONS FOR STATE OF ENVIRONMENT REPORTING

  33. gross material flows:20–25 tonnes/pc/pa biodiversity loss:50% of native species (MSD) energy use:260GJ/pc/pa water use:115kl/pc/pa travel:8,000km/pc/pa car travel housing:235m2 per dwelling GHG generation:27.5 tonnes/pc/pa waste generation:approximately 1.6 tonnes/pc/pa national ecological footprint: 6.5ha/pc/pa an UNSUSTAINABLE pattern of resource consumption AUSTRALIA’S CURRENT TRAJECTORY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IS UNSUSTAINABLE – AND REMAINS A CHALLENGE 2006 State of Environment Report : Human Settlements (Newton, 2006) The nation’s perception of limitless resources is a large obstacle to change THE MAGIC PUDDING NORMAN LINDSAY

  34. HOW COULD AN AUSTRALIAN STATE OF THE CITIES/STATE OF ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY EMERGE? TOWARDS A COLLABORATIVE NETWORK? National State of the Cities / SoE ‘Reporting’ State-Level System of Data Assembly/Reporting Regional-Level System of Data Assembly/Reporting (e.g. Metro region, provincial city region etc.) Municipal-Level System of Data Collection, Assembly/Reporting

  35. CONTACT Professor Peter W Newton PHONE + 61 – 3 - 9214 4769 EMAIL pnewton@swin.edu.au WEB www.swinburne.edu.au THANK YOU

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