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The Age of Nationalism

The Age of Nationalism. Chapter 25. Early Nationalism. Liberal and Democratic in goals Napoleon uses nationalism for authoritarian purposes. Napoleon goes bad. Wanted to change constitution to give himself another term Assembly refuses

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The Age of Nationalism

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  1. The Age of Nationalism Chapter 25

  2. Early Nationalism • Liberal and Democratic in goals • Napoleon uses nationalism for authoritarian purposes

  3. Napoleon goes bad • Wanted to change constitution to give himself another term • Assembly refuses • Napoleon seizes power in a coup d’etat in 1851 and dismisses Assembly

  4. Napoleon III’s 2nd Empire • New investment banks • Massive building of railroads • Rebuilt Paris • Workers given right to form unions • At first restricts Assembly but them restores their power

  5. Nation Building in Italy

  6. Napoleon’s example • Urban classes would get behind a government that was strong and conservative

  7. Italy prior to 1850 • Italy divided into separate states under control of either Austria or the Pope • Goal of national unity grows in appeal • Sardinia leads the way for Italy • Pope Pius IX opposes nationalism

  8. Count Cavour leads Sardinia • Cavour was liberal minister of Sardinia • Wished only to unite Sardinia with northern and central states • Uses France to begin war with Austria • Northern Italian State founded in 1860

  9. Cavour

  10. Garibaldi and So. Italy • Romantic leader of “Red Shirts” • Pushes educational and social reforms • Takes property away from Church • Unites with Sardinia to form Kingdom of Italy • Adds Rome and Venice in 1870

  11. Garibaldi

  12. Problems in Italy • Strong class divisions • Only few males may vote • Huge cap culturally and economically between North and South

  13. Nation Building in Germany

  14. Prelude • After revolution of 1848 the German states are stalemated • The Zollverein became pivotal in rivalry between Austria and Prussia • William I asks for/denied increase in size of Prussian army

  15. Bismarck

  16. Bismarck leaves Mark • Vs parliament and for “blood and iron” • Tries to annex Schleswig-Holstein with aid of Austria in war vs. Denmark • Then declares war on Austria • Keeps Russia and France away

  17. More Bismarck • Old German Confederation replaced by new North German Confederation with Prussia as top dog • Austria pulls out of German business • Bismarck wins!

  18. Even More Bismarck! • Banks on middle class to support national unity over liberal ideas • Gives some rights to people but keeps most power in hands of King • War vs France huge success • William becomes emperor of Germany

  19. The German Empire • 25 German states ruled by a chancellor and parliament (Reichstag) • Bismarck outlaws socialists and gives people socialist programs • Socialists finally regain power in 1912

  20. Nation Building in the United States

  21. Growth causes Conflict • Louisiana Purchase emphasizes split in US • North-industrial-free workers • South- agricultural-slavery • 1848-new territory expansion opens wound ( slavery v non-slavery )

  22. Conflict erupts • Lincoln election causes South to secede from Union = Civil War • North wins because of superior resources • Results • Corporations emerge • Cheap land and free labor transform country • Manifest Destiny increases nationalism

  23. The Industrialization of Russia

  24. Economic Reform • Railroad construction: • stimulates economy • inspires nationalism • inspires imperialism • Protective tariffs raised • Foreign ideas and $ brought in to modernize industry

  25. Tsar Nicholas

  26. Revolution • Big mistake in attacking/losing to Japan in 1905 • Tsar’s troops fire on protesters on “Bloody Sunday” • General strike forces Tsar to grant liberties • Socialists lead uprising but are defeated by middle class and govt.

  27. Socialist International • Marx unites socialists as they form First International in 1864-short lived • Second International-a federation of national socialist parties lasts until 1914

  28. Great Britain and Ireland

  29. British Reform • Middle class males win right to vote in 1832 • Social welfare legislation becomes reality by taxing rich • Ireland splits • North ( Protestant ) • South ( Catholic ) • Vote for Home Rule delayed by WWI

  30. Queen Victoria

  31. Disraeli Gladstone

  32. The Austro-Hungarian Empire

  33. An Empire Divided • Divisions • Magyars rule Hungary • Germans dominate Austria • Germans only 30% of population • Magyars use constitution to rule • Ethnic strife keeps empire from using nationalism

  34. Jewish Emancipation and Modern anti-Semitism

  35. Jews gain rights in France and Germany in 19th century • Most Jews improve economic status later in the century • Anti-Semitism comes with economic troubles • Attacks on Jews (pogroms) begin • Jews emigrate to America

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