Generic Unix Directory Structure

1. /dsk /pts /rdsk /rmt /term Generic Unix Directory Structure /bin /dev / Root Dir /auth /etc /default /init.d /sbin /rc0.d /rc2.d /home /rc3.d /skel /lost+found

2. Generic Unix Directory Structure /bin /X11 /mnt /games /include /proc /lib /bin / /local /tcb /man Root Dir /sbin /sharee /tmp /cron /ucb /adm /lock /usr /cron /lp /mail /netlb /var /mail /news /opt /stand /mqueue /preserve /spool /uucp /tmp /uucppublic /yp

3. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /: • Base of the filesystem’s tree structure • /bin: • traditional location for executables. • Some systems: some files in /bin are symbolic links to files in /usr/bin, or /bin is a symbolic link to /usr/bin. • Others holding executables include /usr/ucb

4. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /dev • contains device related special files. • Divided into subdir based on System V • dsk and rdsk for disks accessed in block and raw mode. • mt and rmt for tapes • pts and ptc for pseudo-teminals • term for terminal (serial line) • BSD-ish UNIX has a flat /dev • Solaris introduces /devices and files in /dev are symbolic links to ones in /devices

5. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /etc • system configuration files such as administration file and boot scripts. • Traditionally, it contains executables for administrative commands, now in /usr/sbin and /sbin. • /sbin: system executables • /home • conventional location for users’ home. • Or /users

6. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /lost+found • lost files referred to disk locations that are marked as in use in the data structure on the disk, but that are not listed in any directory. • Caused by incorrect system shutdown or disk errors. • Every partition has one lost+found dir. • /mnt • Tempory mount directory: an empty directory designed for temporarily mouting filesystems.

7. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /proc • active processes’s images, designed to enable processes to be manipulated using Unix file accessing system calls • /tcb (trusted computing base) • security-related database files • SCO Unix, HP-UX 10 and Digital Unix. • Configuration files related /tcb in /etc/auth

8. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /tmp • used as a scratch directory • cleaned regularly, normally one of the startup scripts will clean /tmp. • /var • spooling (/var/spool) and other volatile dir • e.g. uucp, printer, mail, and cron • some systems contain /var/opt for optional software products

9. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /stand • V.4-designated for kernel image in HP-UX 10. Solaris has a similar dir /kernel. • /usr • contains subdir for locally generated programs, executables for user and administrative commands, shared libraries, other part • /usr/adm contains Unix accounting files and various logging files or recently linked to /var/adm

10. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /usr (cont.) • /usr/bin contains binary files and shell scripts, public executables such X11 • /usr/games contains standard games, usually removed by system adm • /usr/include contains C header files. /usr/include/system has OS includes files. • /usr/lib has public library files (C lib for math and I/O in libx.a)

11. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /usr/local has local files, /usr/local/bin has non-vendor-supplied executables. • /user/share has shared data, such as online manual pages, font directories, files for spell • /usr/ucb has standard Unix commands origianlly developed under BSD. • Under IRIX, it is linked to /usr/bsd • /usr/share/man is one location for manual pages. • Traditionally, subdir mann has raw pages and catn has formatted versions of troff or nroff.

12. Generic Unix Directory Structure • /usr (cont.) • IRIX follows an older variant, using /usr/share/catman which has several subdir: a_man, g_man, p_man, and u_man for administrative, graphics, programming, and user manual pages. • Or /usr/man