Unit Six: Personality and Gender

1. Unit Six: Personality and Gender Personality

2. http://www.pinterest.com/pin/101894010292836139/

3. Warm Up 02/27 • Do you agree with the results of the psychological Inventory? • Would you say that a different personality type fits better? If so, which one?

4. Psychoanalytic Approach • Personality is a product of Unconscious Motives • Freud’s Idea • The mind is like an iceberg. • The Iceberg as a Personality Structure • Id, Ego, Super Ego Conscious Mind “EGO” Preconscious Mind “Super Ego” Unconscious Mind “Id”

6. Personality: Psychoanalytic • Personality Structure is comprised of the Id, Ego and Super Ego. • Personality is a result of the conflict between the different levels of consciousness in our mind. • Id: • Operates out of the pleasure principle • Unconscious sexual and aggressive urges • Ego: • Operates out of the reality principle • Conscious understanding of rules and consequences • Acts as a mediator between Id and Super • Super ego: • Operates out of the moral principle, • Represents the preconscious mind. • Acts as our conscience.

7. Personality: Psychoanalytic • Types of Defense Mechanisms • Repression • Banishing anxiety-causing stimuli to the unconscious • Displacement • Serves as an outlet for redirected anxiety. • Projection • Unwanted thoughts are blamed on others. • Denial • Refusing to accept a fact or its seriousness. Regression Retreating to an earlier development sage. Rationalization Justification that hides ourselves. Reaction Formation Acting the opposite. Sublimation Making unacceptable urges acceptable.

8. Smile :) • Regression • Retreating to an earlier development sage. • Rationalization • Justification that hides ourselves. • Reaction Formation • Acting the opposite. • Sublimation • Making unacceptable urges acceptable.

9. Warm Up • Describe your Personality.

10. Personality: Psychodynamic Revised Psychoanalytic, developed by Neofreudians.

11. Personality: Psychoanalytic • Reading the Unconscious Mind • Psychoanalysis- Freud’s personality theory and therapeutic process/techniques. • Free Association • Saying whatever comes to mind, where Freud could identify repressed memories and release them through treatment. • Dream Analysis • Interpretation of Dreams; listening to the manifest content (conscious recollection) and interpreting the latent content (unconscious meaning) • Freudian Slips • Slips of the tongue or linguistic mistakes “can’t come in today, grandmother lied, er, I mean, died. • Defense Mechanisms • Ego is responsible for the Id, but sometimes fears losing control. Hence, the protection of the ego that reduces anxiety of fears by redirecting or distorting reality.

12. NeoFreudians • Carl Jung • A good relationship gone bad… • Yes to Unconscious No to sexual and aggressive urges… • Emphasis of mysticism and religion on human behavior • Collective unconscious- a store of human concepts shared by all people cross-culturally • Archetypes- ideas and images of the accumulated experience of all human beings • Young hero, nurturing mother, wise woman, hostile brother, fairy godmothers, wicked witches

15. NeoFreudians • Alfred Adler • Behavior is the result of the motivation to overcome feelings of inferiority- Inferiority Complex • Physical problems- overcompensation • Leftover childhood- sibling rivalry • Self-Awareness plays an important role in personality • The Creative Self- what we use to overcome obstacles

16. NeoFreudians • Karen Horney (HawrN-Eye) • Child experiences affect development of adult personality • Dependent children yield basic anxiety caused by feelings of insecurity • Agreed with Freud about Repression • Consistent and genuine love would rectify situation

17. Trait Approach • We are the sum of our parts… • Allport cataloged 18000 traits • Hans Eysenk focused on two personality dimensions • D-1 Introversion and Extroversion • D-2 Instability and Stability • The Big 5 says all traits can be reduced to 5 personality dimensions

18. BIG 5 Continued • 1- Extroversion • Talkative assertive active vs silence passivity reserve • 2-Aggreeableness • Kindness, trust, warmth vs hostility distrust • 3-Conscientiousness • Organization thoroughness reliability vs carelessness negligence unreliability • 4-Openness • Imagination, curiosity creativity vs shallow • 5-Stability • Reliability coping vs nervousness moodiness

20. Personality Character Sketch • Create your own character • Using the trait approach rank how your character would look on the “big 5” • Give them: • A name • A label – “brain” “jock” “princess” etc. try to be original • A complete character sketch (interests, hobbies, favorite food etc.) • Draw a picture of the person

21. Warm Up • Where does your personality come from? • nature or nurture?

22. Psycho Eval • What’s Good? • What’s Bad?

23. Warm Up • What are the “Big 5” Traits? List them. • Which Freudian Defense Mechanism would involve having a temper tantrum if you don’t get your way? • The hero, earth mother, wise woman, and gentle giant are all examples of what?

24. Personality: Learning/Behaviorism How does Learning Affect our Personality?

25. Learning Approach • Watson and Skinner - Behaviorism • Environmental influences shape us • Socialization- process by which people learn the socially desirable behaviors of their particular culture and adopt them as part of their personalities • No to personal freedom and direction

26. Learning Approach • Social Learning Theory • Albert Bandura (Bo Bo) • Disagreed with Skinner • There are internal variables that also influence how we interact in situations • Skills • Physical and social abilities • Values • How we assess the outcome of a behavior affects how we act • Goals • Behaving in a way to achieve personal goals • Expectations • Our predictions of what will happen affect how we behave • Self-Efficacy • What beliefs we have about ourselves will determine how we act

28. Learning Evaluation • The good • Personalities are products of environment- culturally consistent • The not-so-good • No cognition • No explanation of why

29. Humanistic Approach • Maslow • Humans are unique in that they recognize their desire to achieve self-actualization • Each person’s path is different • Self-actualization involves risks

31. Humanistic Approach • Rogers • Humans are conscious architects of their own personalities • Self-Theory- personality revolves around sense of self • Self-Concept- view of oneself as an individual • Recognizing values and establishing a sense of one’s relationships to others • The TWO selves…not MPD • Actual & Ideal

32. Humanistic Approach • Rogers Con’t • Self Concept and Congruence • Our impressions of ourselves and evaluations of our adequacy shape our self-concept • Congruency- consistency between self-concept and experience • Key to happiness and healthy adjustment • Self-Esteem and Positive Regard • We develop a need for self-esteem- belief in oneself/ self-respect • Self-Esteem begins in early childhood development • Unconditional Positive Regard- Parent’s total acceptance • Conditional Positive Regard- Parent’s acceptance dependent upon success • Cannot live to others’ expectations while remaining true to self • We act out when we are personally frustrated • One must be genuine in searching for self

33. Humanistic Evaluation • Such positive perception of humanity • Freedom of choice • Conscious experience • All about me • Conscious experience is always….subjective

34. Warm Up • Would your personality be different if you were from another culture? • Gender? • Race? • Religion?

35. Socio-Cultural Approach • What’s culture got to do with it…do with it? • The roles of ethnicity, gender and culture play on the formation of personality • Individualism vs Collectivism • I- societies whose members define themselves in terms of personal identities • C- societies whose members define themselves in terms of the groups to which they belong • Socio-cultural factors and the self • Social factors affect self-concept and self-esteem • Ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status • Groups we subscribe to shape our reality

36. Socio-Cultural Approach • Acculturation and Self-Esteem • Acculturation- process of adapting to a new or different culture • Complete assimilation • Separation of new culture • Bicultural adaption • Bicultural persons have higher self-esteem • Maintain a sense of self