Sistem, Sistem Politik, & Sistem Sosial

1. Sistem,Sistem Politik,& Sistem Sosial beberapa ide dasar

2. apa itu sistem?(menurut peserta sspi ’07)

3. sistem adalah … a set of interrelated parts, working independently & jointly, in pursuit of common objectives or the whole, within a complex environment (Shorde & Voich)

4. sistem politik

5. sistem politik adalah… … (1) allocates values; (2) its allocations are authoritative; and (3) its authoritative allocations are binding on the society as a whole (David Easton)

6. sistem politik adalah… … any persistent pattern of human relationships that involves, to a significant extent, control, influence, power, or authority(Robert A. Dahl)

7. sistem politik adalah… … that system of interactions to be found in all independent societies which performs the functions of integration and adaptation, by means of the employment, or threat of employment, of more or less legitimate physical compulsion(Gabriel A. Almond)

8. sistem politik adalah… • … (1) allocates values; (2) its allocations are authoritative; and (3) its authoritative allocations are binding on the society as a whole (David Easton) • … any persistent pattern of human relationships that involves, to a significant extent, control, influence, power, or authority(Robert A. Dahl) • … that system of interactions to be found in all independent societies which performs the functions of integration and adaptation, by means of the employment, or threat of employment, of more or less legitimate physical compulsion(Gabriel A. Almond)

9. bagan sistem politik environment input sistem politik output (tuntutan & dukungan) (keputusan & kebijakan) feedback

10. fungsi input sosialisasi politik & rekrutmen artikulasi kepentingan agregasi kepentingan komunikasi politik fungsi output pembuatan peraturan penerapan peraturan ajudikasi peraturan fungsi input & output

11. fungsi sistem politik lingkungan internasional sosialisasi, rekrutmen, komunikasi politik

12. kemampuan sistem politik • ekstraktif: mengumpulkan sumber daya • regulatif: mengontrol anggota • distributif: mengalokasikan sumber daya • simbolik: mencitrakan diri • responsif: mengelola input (esp. tuntutan) • domestik & internasional: menjalankan operasi di lingkup domestik & internasional

13. sistem sosial

14. sistem sosial perlu dipandang sebagai struktur sosial & proses sosial • struktur sosial: posisi sosial, afiliasi kelompok -> parameter nominal & gradual -> heterogenitas sosial & kesenjangan sosial • proses sosial: interaksi antarkelompok

15. masyarakat majemuk/plural society(J.S. Furnivall): memiliki 2 atau lebih social order, kelompok, atau komunitas, yang hidup berdampingan tanpa terintegrasi dalam satu kesatuan politik masyarakat pluralistik/pluralistic society(Robushka & Shepsle): memiliki keanekaragaman kultural, tetapi keberadaannya tidak menimbulkan persoalan berarti bagi sistem politik & integrasi masyarakat masyarakat

16. formula • a + b + c = D amalgamation • A + b + c = A assimilation • A + b + c = A + Ab + Ac acculturation • A + b + c = A + b + c seg. pluralism • A + B + C = (A + B + C + AB + AC + BC + ABC) intgr. pluralism/ multiculturalism

17. apa itu sistem?(menurut peserta sspi ’07)