Happy Friday/½ day extravaganza, future leaders! For today’s warm-up please do the following:

1. Happy Friday/½ day extravaganza, future leaders! • For today’s warm-up please do the following: • Grab your student log and notebook from the crates. • Draw an X through today’s homework box. • Write in today’s date and objective on your student log. • Open your notebook and respond to the following prompts: Take a look at these two depictions of a Spartan hoplite, or footsoldier. Which do you think is more accurate? Why? Write one full paragraph. A B Come on, ya’ll… MAKE EFFORT, NOT EXCUSES!

2. Hoplites: ________________________________________________________ So, which one is it? While it may not look quite as tough as charging into battle shirtless, the real reason that Greek armies were so unstoppable was because of their ability to form a “wall of metal” called a phalanx. Today, we’ll be talking about what a phalanx is and how the ancient Greeks used them. A B

3. World History with Mr. Golden __________________________________________________________ Ancient Greek Battle Tactics

4. Objective: ________________________________________________________ FLWBATdescribe the characteristics and use of ancient Greek military tactics

5. Agenda: ________________________________________________________ • Review • Greek battle notes • Gasp! A quiz?!?! • - We’re done!

6. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Hoplite: Greek footsoldier - typically wore bronze armor and was armed with a spear, sword and shield. I’m not going in there shirtless! Forget that! That’s because you don’t have tiger blood or Adonis DNA.

7. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Phalanx: A rectangular military formation where hoplites stood shoulder to shoulder forming a wall of armor, shields, and spears.

8. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Phalanx: The phalanx was pretty indestructible – but it did have one weakness… If anyone did ever manage to split it up, the Greeks were in BIG trouble. This isn’t gonna be so bad… Uhh… Guys?

9. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ So how did they use it? Let’s take a look at the battle of Marathon!

10. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Marathon (490 BCE): A battle between Athenian soldiers and an invading force from Persia. I think we’re gonna need a bigger boat…

11. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Marathon (490 BCE): • 1. The Greeks were outnumbered 5 to 1against the lightly armored Persian forces of Darius

12. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Marathon (490 BCE): • 2. The Greeks extended their army to match the width of Persia’s force, presenting a weak center

13. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Marathon (490 BCE): • 3. The Greeks’ middle ranks broke, but the large wings pivoted around to surround the Persians

14. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Feigned retreat: Two armies meet one another on the battlefield and face each other…

15. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Feigned retreat: • After the fighting starts, the middle of one army pretends to retreat – (run away)…

16. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Feigned retreat: The opposing army charges ahead, thinking it has its enemy on the run…

17. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Feigned retreat: The sides of the “retreating” army move out and flank, or surround, the charging army. It’s the second oldest trick in the book! (I’ll tell you the oldest one later…)

18. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Marathon (490 BCE): • 4. The Persian Army panicked and fled into the marsh and the boats anchored nearby

19. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Marathon (490 BCE): • 5. The Greek army pursued the Persians who were now scattered, leaderless, and obliterated

20. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ How were the Greeks victorious? The Greeks used a feigned retreat – (the second oldest trick in the book) and flanked the Persians. So what’s the oldest? *Tap, tap*

21. Just for fun: ________________________________________________________ Pheidippidies = 100% champion Cool! Have this sticker. We have WON! Uhh, thanks. *dead*

22. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): What do you already know about the battle between the forces of Xerxes and the Spartans?

23. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): Another battle between outnumbered Greek soldiers and an invading force from Persia. AGAIN?!?!

24. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): However, in this battle, some of Greece’s unique geographic features play a key role.

25. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): Who’s fightin’: Never tell me the odds! That means that according to these estimates, the Greeks were outnumbered 130 to 1! Spartans & Allies : About 20,000 Soldiers Xerxes’ Persians: About 2,600,000

26. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): Who’s leadin’: Leonidas I, king of the Spartans Xerxes I, king of the Persians

27. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): What’s his story? This one’s for you, Dad! • The son of Darius I, • (the guy who got his • butt kicked at Marathon) • His father made him • swear vengeance upon • the Greeks for this • defeat - (among others) Xerxes I, king of the Persians

28. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): So, how’d they do? The Greeks are by no means victorious, but do succeed in holding off the Persians long enough for everyone back home to get ready. But, HOW?!?! Weren’t they hugely outnumbered? How could they have held out so long? FORCE MULTIPLIERS! • FORCEx FORCE x FORCE xFORCE x FORCE x FORCE

29. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): Force multipliers: Things that make your army stronger without adding any more soldiers to it – (the phalanx and the shield wall are examples)

30. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): Shield wall: The nearly-impenetrable front of a Greek phalanx made of overlapping shields Well, what’d yathink it was gonna be?

31. Greek Battles: ________________________________________________________ Thermopylae (480 BCE): The end result: Using force multipliers and natural geography, the Greeks successfully hold off the much larger Persian army for three days, but ultimately lose.

32. Quiz: ________________________________________________________ OPEN-NOTE QUIZ! Use all of your notes and handouts on Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece to answer the questions on your quiz. As long as you’ve been here and have been doing your work, there’s no need to make any faces like this… USE YOUR TIME WISELY!

33. Quiz: ________________________________________________________ Time to show me what you know! Use the next few minutes to study up! Remember, tests and quizzes are as difficult as you want them to be. If you work hard and pay attention, my quizzes will be the easiest you ever took! USE YOUR TIME WISELY!

34. We’re done! ________________________________________________________ Make sure to put your notebooks in the crate and your folders in folders, please! Thank you for all your hard work today!