The 10 year Old Blues!

1. The 10 year Old Blues!

2. A father asked his 10-year old son if he knew about the birds and the bees. • 'I don't want to know,' the child said, bursting into tears. 'Promise me you won't tell me.' • Confused, the father asked what was wrong. • The boy sobbed, • 'When I was six, I got the 'There's no Easter Bunny' speech. • At seven, I got the 'There's no Tooth Fairy' speech. • When I was eight, you hit me with the 'There's no Santa' speech. • If you're going to tell me that grown-ups don't really have sex, I'll have nothing left to live for.' 

3. Modern Psychology’s Roots Module 1: Introduction, History, Perspectives, and Careers

4. Wave One Introspection Wundt James

5. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) • The “father of psychology” • Founder of modern psychology • Opened the first psychology lab in 1879

6. Structuralism • Studied the basic elements (structure) of thoughts and sensations (Edward Titchner, Wundt’s student actually coined the term: structuralism) • Mental life can be broken down into fundamental elements • If a chemist made headway by analyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, perhaps the psychologist could make headway by considering a perception, e.g., the taste of lemonade, to be a "molecule" of conscious experience which can be analyzed into elements of conscious experience: • e.g., sweet, sour, cold, warm, bitter, and whatever else could be identified by introspection • Move died with Wundt’s death – lacked subject agreement and reliability (fundamental in psychology) – any disagreements was solved by Wundt

8. William James (1842-1910) • First American psychologist • Author of the first psychology textbook • Founder of Functionalism • The study of the mind as it functions in adapting the organism to its environment. • Provided objective description of behavior

10. Wave Two: Gestalt

11. Gestalt Psychology • Gestalt psychology was based on the belief that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts • An example of this fundamental principle is provided by the phi phenomenon • Integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes (Gestalt Grouping Principles) • Think of notes to your favorite song. • Individually they don’t mean anything, put them together and you have a tune, something that is meaningful. • Combining elements creates something that didn’t exist before.

13. Wave Three: Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Unconscious mind Repression Defense mechanisms

14. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) • Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective • Believed that abnormal behavior originated from unconscious drives and conflicts

15. Freud’s Influence • Influence on “pop culture” • Freudian slips2 • Anal-retentive: Stemming from the Anal stage, a child who becomes fixated due to under control transfers his or her unresolved anal (or control) issues into characteristics such as compulsivity, stinginess, cleanliness, organization, and obstinance. • Anal-expulsive: Stemming from the Anal stage, a child who becomes fixated due to over control transfers his or her unresolved anal (or control) issues into characteristics such as cruelty, pushiness, messiness, or disorganization. • Influence on psychology • Psychodynamic theory • Unconscious thoughts • Significance of childhood experiences

16. Wave Four: Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov John Watson B.F. Skinner

17. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) • Russian Physiologist • Studied learning in animals • Emphasized the study of observable behaviors

18. Behaviorism • Most influential school of thought • Psychology should study only what could be observed and measured objectively. • Scientific study of observable behavior. • Focused on how behaviors are learned and modified

19. John B. Watson (1878-1958) • Founder of behaviorism • Studied only observable and objectively described acts • Emphasized objective and scientific methodology

20. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) • Behaviorist • Focused on learning through rewards and observation • "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be anyh type of specialist I might select - - doctor, lawyer, artists, merchant-chief and, yes, even a thief.“ • Show video clip # 11 – The Human Experience

21. Humanistic Psychology • Stressed the study of conscious experience and an individual’s free will • Healthy individuals strive to reach their potential.

22. Wave Five: Multiple Perspectives Humanistic Cognitive Social-Cultural

23. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

24. Six Contemporary Psychological Perspectives Module 1: Introduction, History, Perspectives, and Careers

25. Psychological Perspectives • Method of classifying a collection of ideas • Also called “schools of thought” • Also called “psychological approaches” • To view behavior from a particular perspective

26. Cognitive Perspective • Focus: On how people think and process information • Behavior is explained by how a person interprets the situation • Questions: How do we use information in remembering? Reasoning? Solving problems?

27. This kid is thinking outside the box.

30. Biological Perspective • Focus: How our biological structures and substances underlie a given behavior, thought, or emotion • Behavior is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, glands, etc. • Questions: How are messages transmitted in the body? How is blood chemistry linked with moods and motives? Are traits such as intelligence, personality and sexual orientation attributable to our genes? Are we biologically predisposed to fear certain things?

33. Social-Cultural Perspective • Focus: How thinking and behavior change depending on the setting or situation • Behavior is explained by the influence of other people present • Questions: How are we alike as members of one human family? As product of different environmental contexts, how do we differ?

36. Behavioral Perspective • Focus: How we learn through rewards, punishments, and observation • Behavior is explained by previous learning • Questions: How do we learn to fear particular objects or situations? • Why do certain things make us anxious?

39. Humanistic Perspective • Focus: see behavior as determined primarily by each person’s capacity to choose how to think and act. • Choices are not the result of instincts, biological processes, or rewards or punishments, but by each person’s unique perceptions of the world. • You see the world as a friendly place --- you are likely to be optimistic and secure / you see the world as a hostile place – you are likely to be defensive and fearful. • Questions: Why do some people strive for goals and others don’t? How are people motivated?

42. Psychodynamic Perspective • Focus: How behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts • Behavior is explained through unconscious motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s childhood. • Modern version of psychoanalytic perspective. • Questions: Can personality traits and disorders be explain in terms of sexual and aggressive drives or as the disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas?

45. Russian Proverb: No matter how much you feed a wolf, he will always return to the forest. • Sociocultural • Biological • Behavioral • Cognitive • Psychoanalytic • Humanistic

46. Answer • Despite many food reinforcements for its attention to humans, this creature went back to the niche in which it was born, where its species evolved. • Saying reveals a bias for the biological perspective.

47. Socrates: The unexamined life is not worth living • Sociocultural • Biological • Behavioral • Cognitive • Psychoanalytic • Humanistic

48. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of individual reflection on life choices and the ability of each individual to weigh human values and grasp the meaning of life.

49. An apple never falls far from the tree. • Sociocultural • Biological • Behavioral • Cognitive • Psychoanalytic • Humanistic

50. Answer • Proverb suggests that a child will b e much like his or her parents. • Genetic link --- Biological perspective • Children and parents also share many environmental influences, might have clicked Behavioral perspective