SEMESTER I EXAM Review A 2010

1. SEMESTER I EXAMReview A 2010 SHELDON BIOLOGY

2. #1 Which are observations and which are inferences? Observation Inference Observation Observation Inference Observations: use senses, tools Inferences: based on opinions, experiences • Mass of 5.5 g • Heavy rock • Smell of sulfur in the air • Beaker water = 57oC • Gerbil is scared of Larry

3. The penguin is black and white The penguin acts like a duck The penguin is cute The penguin is eating fish. Observation Inference Inference Observation Which is an INFERENCE and which is an OBSERVATION?

4. #2 Qualitative or Quantitative? • Shiny shell • 28 crabs on the sand • Water Temp. = 30oC • Sand too hot • Qualitative • Quantitative • Quantitative • Qualitative • Quantitative: numbers • Qualitative: description

5. Problem Statement Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion If and then… Agree or disagree with hypothesis Data tables, graphs What is the effect of…? #3 Match Parts of Scientific Method

6. Problem Statement Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion If and then… Agree or disagree with hypothesis Data tables, graphs What is the effect of…? Match Parts of Scientific Method

7. Same beaker in each trial Set-up of room temperature as compared to hot and cold Same crickets for each trial Constant Control constant #4 Which are constants, which are controls?

8. #5 HOW MANY VARIABLES DO YOU TEST AT A TIME IN AN EXPERIMENT? • One • Two • Three • As many as you want • ANSWER: ONE

9. Identify the variables? Which is the independent variable? Which is the dependent variable?

10. Identify the variables? Which is the independent variable? (x-AXIS) temperature Which is the dependent variable? (y-AXIS) Log. Generations per hour

11. Which part of the experiment… • Does not contain the tested variable? • A. control • B. constant • C. independent variable • D. dependent variable? • ANSWER: control ( reference area) • CONSTANTS-all things that stay the same

12. #6 Convert the following: • 45 km =____dm • 45 km = 450,000 dm • 7000 cm = _____hm • 7000 cm = 0.7000 hm • Km hm dkm (m) dm cm mm

13. If you put cold water in a fish tank, then fish will slow down. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Used to direct one experiment. Formed from many tests-trusted. Hypothesis Theory Hypothesis Theory #7 Which is a HYPOTHESIS and which is a THEORY.

14. #8 Asexual or sexual reproduction? • Two parents • One parent • Offspring alike parents • Offspring different • Sexual • Asexual • Asexual • Sexual

15. #9 Which characteristic of life? • Cells formed. • Cells divide. • Lemur sunbathing. • Lemur eats food. • Blue Tang fish blends in with the water. • Frog eggs, tadpoles, adult frog. • You blink when a bug hits your eye. • Order • Reproduction • Regulation. • Energy processing. • Evolutionary adaptation • Growth and development. • Respond to the environment.

16. #10 Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? • Bacteria • Nucleoid • Ribosomes • Nucleus • Mitochondrion • Capsule • Prokaryotic • Prokaryotic • Both • Eukaryotic • Eukaryotic • Prokaryotic

17. Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism An organism maintains a stable internal environment even when the external environment is not METABOLISM HOMEOSTASIS #11 Which is HOMEOSTASIS and which is METABOLISM?

18. Amoeba Human Bacteria Paramecium Worm tree U M U U M M Identify as U=unicellular or M=multicellular

19. Community Population Organelle Organ System Organism Organ tissue Ecosystem Molecule Cell Biosphere Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population organism Organ system Organ Tissue Cell Organelle Molecule #12 Put in the correct order:

20. Put in order in an energy pyramid: • Producers • Secondary Consumers • Primary Consumers

21. Put in order in an energy pyramid: • Secondary Consumers • Primary Consumers • Secondary Consumers • Primary Consumers

22. #14 Where would you dipose of waste chemicals in the lab? • Sink • Chemical waste jar • Trash can • ANSWER: chemical waste jar

23. Hold test tube Protect eyes Hold beaker What would each tool be used for?

24. Detect an odor in the lab? Dispose of broken glass? Dispose of test tube liquids after the lab? Wafting In the crock In the waste container on the lab table. #14What is the correct way to…

25. #15 Which domain? • Has peptidoglycan in cell wall, prokaryotic • Has no peptidoglycan in cell wall, prokaryotic • Nucleus with a membrane • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Eukarya

26. #16 Which Kingdom of life? Fungi Plantae Animalia Eubacteria • Cell wall of chitin, eukaryotic • Cell wall of cellulose, nucleus • No cell wall, eukaryotic • E. coli, streptococcus

27. #17 What are emergent properties? • Whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Such as the tree in the rainforest is an important home, food source, and shade for other organisms rather than just for itself.

28. #18 Which is technology and which his science? • A male sex cell is a sperm cell • Science • Using embryonic stem cells can create test tube babies. • technology

29. CHAPT 35Identify the Animal Behavior • 1. no strong bond-pairing • 2. Siamese fighting fish • 3.squirrels wagging tail at others • 4. birds learn not to respond to scarecrow • Promiscuous • Agnostic • Communication • habituation

30. Chapt. 35 • 5. under strong genetic control • New baby geese follow human • Wasp uses landmarks • Chimp opens jar when knew a rock broke things • Innate • Imprinting • Territorial • Problem-solving

31. Chapt. 35 • 9. dog not go by porcupine to get quills • 10. goose retrieves egg same way always • 11. Sow bug start and stop random movement • 12. one male and one female parental care • Trial-and-error • FAP • Kinesis • monogamous

32. Chapt. 35 • 13. salmon move upstream scent of water • 14. kin selection, pass genes to relatives • 15. individual mates with several others • 16. pecking order of hens • Taxis • Inclusive fitness • Polygamous • Dominance hierarchy

33. Chapt. 35 • 17. rat mole gives its life so queen can live • 18. male sea lion defends area, cheetah urine on trees • 19. food-getting • 20. learn by observing others, like chimp how to climb tree • Altruism • Territorality • Foraging • Social

34. CHAPTER TWO • CHEMISTRY

35. Electron Proton neutron Negative Positive neutral #1 What is the charge of each?

36. Which subatomic particle… • Lacks a charge • Is in the nucleus? • A. proton • B. electron • C. neutron • ANSWER: neutron • Protons (+) Electrons (-)

37. #2 Which is correct? • A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means is:A. molecule • B. buffer • C. element • D. cell • E. compound • ANSWER: element

38. Na CO2 O H2O Element (one) Compound (2 or more elements) element compound #2 What is the element, which a compound?

39. Na CO2 O H2O O2 atom molecule atom Molecule molecule #2 What is the atom, which a molecule?

40. Na CO2 O H2O symbol formula symbol formula #2 What is the symbol, which a formula?

41. Amoeba Carbon Hydrogen blood CELL ATOM ATOM CELL (just for fun) Which are ATOMS and which are CELLS?

42. #4 What part of atoms form bonds? • Electrons • Protons • Neutrons • ANSWER: electrons • What is electronegativity? • Affinity an atom has to attract electrons

43. Yeah, this is good to know:If you had an atomic number of… • 12, how many electrons would be in the outer shell? • 2 • 8 • 4 • 6ANSWER: 2 (fills 2, 8, 2)

44. #5 Fill in the blanks: • In an ionic bond the electrons are _______________ and in a covalent bond the electrons are_______. • ANSWER: transferred (lost/gained) • shared

45. #5 What do e- do in each of these bonds? • Ionic • Covalent • Polar covalent • Non-polar covalent • Transfer (gain or lose) • Share • Share unequally • Share equally

46. #6 List this in order from strongest to weakest bonds: • Van der Waals • Ionic • Covalent • Hydrogen • Strongest: • Covalent • Ionic • Hydrogen • Van der Waals (weak)

47. #7 Which are ions? • Cl • Cl- • H2 • OH- • H+ • ANSWER: Ions are Cl- ,OH-, H+

48. #7 Which are ions and which are isotopes? • Ca+2 • 13 • C • 6 • Ion (lost e-) • Isotope (different number of neutrons than neutral form)

49. #7Which are cations? Anions? • O-2 • H+ • Cl-1 • O2 • Anion • Cation • Anion • neither

50. #7 • What use are radioisotopes in medicine? • Use tracers to follow molecules as they undergo chemical changes • Tag chemicals that isolate in a certain part of the body (like cancer, disease)