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Police Technology Chapter Ten

Police Technology Chapter Ten. The Internet and Law Enforcement. Learning Objectives. Understand the Historical Development of the Internet, Increased navigation skills, Explore how law enforcement has used the Internet,

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Police Technology Chapter Ten

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  1. Police TechnologyChapter Ten The Internet and Law Enforcement Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  2. Learning Objectives • Understand the Historical Development of the Internet, • Increased navigation skills, • Explore how law enforcement has used the Internet, • Understand how the Internet might increase efficiency and effectiveness, • View the Internet as an enhancer of community orientated policing. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  3. The History of the Internet • Licklider’s “Galactic Network” • Department of Defense • Advanced Project Research Agency • APRANet • The First Two Computers “hooked it” • 1972 Computer Communications Conference Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  4. Open Architecture • No one “big” network; rather a collection of small networks. • Each Network has its own design • Relies on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • Error checking standards • Access points control flow, do not record data Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  5. Bigger and Bigger • Early use was primarily academic • In 1987, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) was adopted to TCP/IP • In essence the Internet is a system of protocols that allow different networks to “connect.” Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  6. The World Wide Web • The Internet is the system of protocols that allow different networks to connect. The World Wide Web (WWW) consists of Web pages that are connected together via Hyperlinks. • Hyperlinks may take you to pages on the same website, or to a website halfway around the world Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  7. Navigating the Web • A website is a cyber-location created by people to exchange information – websites may consist of a single page, or hundreds of pages. • The first page is referred to as the homepage or index page • The physical site (the hardware) storing the webpage is called the Point of Presence and the entity providing the Point of Presence is the Internet Service Provider (ISP). Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  8. Navigating the Web • People (users) navigate the web using a GUI software tool called a Browser. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  9. Navigating the Web • Websites have an address called a domain name. • www.police-technology.net the companion website for the book “Police Technology.” • The domain name is a series of numbers called an Internet Protocol (IP) address: • www.hitechcj.com is 209.35.187.202 • Numbers would be difficult to recall, so software called Uniform Resource Locator (URL) translates the number to names we remember Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  10. Navigating the Web URL Hot Tip: The Domain Name is the plain language we use to find sites – IP Address is the computer version they use to find each other! Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  11. Domain names have different parts – WWW = world wide web Police-technology = is the name .net is the extension Domain names have extensions that generally describe the entity that manages the website: .com or commercial .net or Network .edu or educational .mil or military .gov or government .org or different organizations often non-profit Navigating the Web Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  12. Navigating the Web • The most common website programming language is Hypertext Markup Language or HTML • Websites often use short programs called “scripts” that make your website interactive Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  13. Navigating the Web • Search engines, like Google constantly search and classify the WebPages on the Internet. • Once search engines classify the information we are able to search it Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  14. Navigating the Web(Search Engine Basics) • Search engines search, retrieve and classify information. • Search engines use software programs called “spiders” to crawl the web. Spiders bring the information back to the search engine where it is classified. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  15. Boolean logic is Typically used by “end users” to search the information as it has been classified by the search engine. Boolean operators – And Or Not Followed by Near “quotation marks” Navigating the Web Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  16. Web Terms • Webmaster – the person who creates and/or maintains the website. • Cookies – information gathered by a website about a user – often used to record site settings • Spam – Unsolicited commercial email. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  17. Web Terms • Hyperlink – Words, information or symbols that contains coding that jumps the user to a new webpage when the hyperlink is click • FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  18. Email and Instant Messaging Email is transmitting an electronic file from one user to another. Like regular mail, it can be sent and opened at the user’s convenience. Instant Messaging (IM) or Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is the real-time transmission of electronic files (conversations) over the Internet Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  19. Email and Instant Messaging • Generally, email or IM transmitted to or from an employer’s computer is subject to unrestricted: • Interception • Monitoring • Auditing Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  20. Listserv • A listserv is a program that automatically redistributes email messages to users to have registered to the service. • Crimeweb.net is a sophisticated Listserv used by many law enforcement organizations Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  21. Law Enforcement on the Net • E-government is following e-commerce. • Most law enforcement websites are static or one-way systems of communication. • Law enforcement use of the Internet as a means of communicating and conducting investigations is increasing. • While the “open” nature of the Internet does increase interoperability it also raises security concerns. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  22. Law Enforcement on the Net • Although the Los Angeles Police Department’s website is probably the largest, it is primarily a one-way form of communication. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  23. Law Enforcement on the Net Some crime and incident reporting can be completed over the internet What crimes can be reported? Is this an efficient and effective tool? Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  24. Law Enforcement on the Net • Advanced law enforcement applications involve real-time crime mapping. In this instance, the San Diego Police Department provides real-time crime maps to the public. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  25. Law Enforcement on the Net NCJRS hosts one of the largest criminal justice and juvenile justice libraries and databases in the world, the NCJRS Abstracts Database. The collection, with holdings from the early 1970s to the present, contains more than 180,000 publications, reports, articles, and audiovisual products. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  26. Law Enforcement on the Net • Some commercial organizations, like policeone.com publish news, articles and product information directly to police officers. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  27. Portals Larger government agencies are beginning to design portals – gateways to all government services Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  28. Community Policing • As an technology enhancer of community policing, websites can: • Enhance services • Increase one-way communications • Facilitate two-way communications • Increase partnerships • Enhance problem solving Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  29. Problem Solving Increased communication Interactive mapping Hyperlinks to essential services. FAQs Access to web-based best practices Partnership Community participation in content and design. Hyperlinks to essential non-governmental services. FAQs Interactive nature can make law enforcement seem more part of rather than apart from. Community Policing Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

  30. Police Technology Explore Forensic Science at www.forensicprofiles.com Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

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