PEBBLES, SAND, AND SILT

1. PEBBLES, SAND, AND SILT

2. BACKGROUND • Observing rocks and beginning to sort them into groups are the initial steps for students to take in the role of geologists. • Observing is a fundamental process in geology. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

3. Summative Assessment Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

4. Investigation 1: First Rocks Three Rocks Washing Three Rocks First Sorting Sorting Games Start a Rock Collection Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

5. Part 1: Three Rocks • Focus questions How are rocks different? What happens when rocks rub together? Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

6. Part 1: Three Rocks • Vocabulary • Rock • Dust • Geologist • Respond to focus question Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

7. Part 2: Washing Three Rocks • Focus question What happens when rocks are washed? Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

8. Part 2: Washing Three Rocks Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

9. Part 2: Washing Three Rocks • Find a Rock Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

10. ROCK NAMES • Basalt is the gray, smooth rock. It was once the hot liquid lava that came out of a volcano. • Tuff is the light, soft rock. It has ash in it from the fires of the volcano. • Scoria is the reddish bubbly rock. It was once the bubbly top of the lava. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

11. Part 2: Washing Three Rocks • Vocabulary • Basalt • Tuff • Scoria • Respond to focus question Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

12. Part 3: First Sorting • Focus question How are some rocks the same? Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

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14. Part 3: First Sorting • Vocabulary • Rough • Smooth • Pointed • Large • Small • Crystal • Dull Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

15. Part 4: Sorting Games Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

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18. Concept Development • Vocabulary • Any new descriptive words • Respond to focus question Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

19. Part 5: Start a Rock Collection • Focus question What rocks can we find around us? Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

20. Part 5: Start a Rock Collection • If you wanted to find some rocks to collect, where would you look? Where to Look for Rocks Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

21. FOSS Science Stories Exploring Rocks Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

22. EXTENSIONS • Language Arts • Geologist Tool Kits • Math Problem A • Math Problem B • Art • Make rock people or pets • Games • Rock checkers Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

23. Investigation 2: River Rocks Screening River Rocks River Rocks by Size Sand and Silt Exploring Clay Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

24. Investigation 2: River Rocks • Background • The solid, liquid, and gaseous materials that make up Earth and its atmosphere are know collectively as earth materials. • Rock that has broken away from the continuos layer of bedrock is found in particles that range from minuscule to the gigantic. • Geologists classify rock particles by size. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

25. Clay - <0.004 mm Silt - 0.004 - 0.062 mm Sand - 0.062 - 2 mm Gravel - 2 - 4 mm Pebble - 4 - 64 mm Cobble - 64 - 256 mm Boulder - >256 mm Size Ranges Used by FOSS Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

26. Part 1: River Rocks • Focus question How can rocks by sorted by size? Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

27. DISCUSS RESULTS Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

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29. Concept Development • Vocabulary • Earth material • Screen • Separate • Size • Sand • Gravel • Pebble • Respond to focus question Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

30. Part 2: River Rocks by Size • Focus question How else can rocks be sorted by size? Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

31. Part 2: River Rocks by Size Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

32. Concept Development • Vocabulary • Cobbles • Boulder • Respond to focus question Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

33. Part 3: Sand and Silt • Look at the vials with sand • Look at it carefully and describe how it looks, feels, and sounds • Place the sand on a paper plate to do your observations • Use a spoon to move sand around • Plate shaking (5 minutes) • Shake the plate gently back and forth on the table. • Place a pinch of sand in the vial and use the hand lenses to make observations. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

34. DISCUSS OBSERVATIONS • Describe what you noticed about the sand. • Are the sand particles all the same size? • What do the sand particles look like? Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

35. DISCUSS OBSERVATIONS • What do you think might happen if you mix sand and water? • Use the paper plate as a funnel to put the sand back in the vial. • Fill the vial with water. • Watch what happens to the water and sand. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

36. QUESTIONS • What happened to the water that was poured on the sand? • What happened to the sand? • Place the cap on the vial and shake it. • What happened to the water and sand after you shook the vial? • Is the water clear now? • Why not? • Let them settle overnight. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

37. DRAWING SHEETS • Draw what you see on the vials (p. 8). • Vials were set up earlier. • What do you see in the vials? • How many layers do you see? • Where is the sand? • What do you see on top of the sand? • The layer of material on top of the sand is called silt. Silt is a particle of rock much smaller than sand. It’s the rock size that mud is made of. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

38. SILT • Label the layers in your drawings. • The layers should be called: sand, silt, and water. • What should the space between the top of the water and the vial cap be labeled? • Feel the silt. • Pour off the water in the vials into a 1/4 container. • Carefully, touch the top layer of silt. Try to pull some out and rub it between your fingers. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

39. CLEAN UP Take vials to clean up area. Add a little water, shake and dump the sand/water in basin. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

40. Part 4: Exploring Clay • Get a cube. • Look at this new earth material. • What is this material called? • What is special about this material? • What can you do with it? • What is happening to your hands as you work with this material? • What is the smallest size of rock we’ve worked so far? • Clay is made of pieces of rock even smaller than silt. • The dust in your hands is actually dry clay particles. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

41. Part 4: Exploring Clay • Pinch off a small piece of clay, about 1 cm. • Predict what do you think will happen if you put the small ball of clay in a vial with water. • Put the small ball of clay in the vial. • Pout water into the vial almost to the top. • Watch what happens to the clay in water for a minute or two. • Cap the vial and shake it to see what happens. • What is happening to the clay? • Is the water changing? • Let it sit overnight Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

42. Part 4: Exploring Clay • If dry, observe and squash the clay balls for a few minutes. • How can you get the clay soft and pliable again? • Put ball in a plastic cup and add a little water. • Set aside, let it sit for a while. • Observe pre set vials. • Compare to shook vials. • Draw the clay vial and label layers. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

43. QUESTIONS • What was the same in both vials? • What was different in both vials? • Look at the vial with the ball of clay. • What do you see? • Save the clay. • Clean up. • Extensions. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

44. Investigation 3: Using Rocks Rocks in Use Looking at Sandpaper Sand Sculptures Clay Beads Making Bricks Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

45. Part 1: Rocks in Use Field trip. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

46. Part 2: Looking at Sandpaper • Review sand • Important sand use: sandpaper • Pick up sandpaper • Use the hand lenses to observe the sandpaper. • Rub fingers gently over the paper. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

47. Part 2: Looking at Sandpaper • Vocabulary. • Three textures. • coarse - largest pieces • medium - middle-sized pieces • fine - smallest sand Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

48. Part 2: Looking at Sandpaper • Place white paper over the sandpaper • Rub with the side of a pencil or crayon to record the sandpaper texture • Label the rubbings • Identify sandpaper with the eyes closed • Rub sandpaper together • Share observations • Clean up Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

49. Part 3: Sand Sculptures • Review the properties of sand. • Sand matrix (make it the night before) • Matrix is a material that holds articles of material together • Use two vials of sand and add one spoonful of matrix on top of the sand on a paper plate • Mold sand mixture • Allow sculptures to dry Pebbles, Sand, and Silt

50. Part 4: Clay Beads • Review properties of clay • Stick together when is molded. • It hardens when it dries. • We will use these properties to make beads, then string the beads into necklaces. Pebbles, Sand, and Silt