Blood & Its Components

1. Blood & Its Components Ms. Lowrie Biology 11

2. Six Main Functions • Transport materials from one place to another. • Provide a watery environment for individual cells. • Help maintain a constant internal temperature. • Combat disease and infection. • Help regulate the body’s pH level. • Prevent the loss of body fluids through clotting.

3. Components of Blood • Plasma • Fluid component • Makes up 55% • Other 45% is all cells • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

4. Fluid component (90% water) Like a river carrying sediment Contains and transports: Proteins Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Essential nutrients Enzymes Hormones Gases Organic salts Plasma

5. Red Blood Cells – RBC (Erythrocytes) • Makes up 43% of blood • Transports oxygen and a little carbon dioxide on its hemoglobin • Hemoglobin • A protein • Consists of a red pigment • Contains iron

6. Did you know? • When oxygen is attached hemoglobin it appears RED. • Each RBC contains 280 million hemoglobin molecules • Once oxygen is released, the hemoglobin changes shape and reflects BLUE light. • Can you see it under your skin?

7. Red Blood Cells – RBC • Produced in the bone marrow • Rate of 2.3 millions per second • Contain a nucleus when produced, but it is lost in circulation • Gives a donut shape • Used RBC are destroyed by the liver and spleen

8. Red Blood Cell Facts • 1 liter of blood can carry: • 3 mL of oxygen without hemoglobin • Can survive 4.5 seconds • 200 mL of oxygen with hemoglobin • Can survive 5 minutes • Anemia is the lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin • Causes: loss of blood or lack of dietary iron

9. Red Blood Cell Facts • Quantity is influenced by the sex, health, age, and altitude • At high altitudes there is less oxygen so more RBC are created • Men = 5.5 million RBC per mL of blood • Women = 4.5 million RBC per mL of blood

10. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes & Lymphocytes) • Make up about 1% of blood • Protect against illnesses and invaders • Form the immune system • Pus is created from dead white blood cells that have engulfed an invader • Your own guard or doctor!

11. White Blood Cells • Larger than RBC • Contain a nucleus • Fact: • There are 700 RBC for every white blood cell

12. Platelets • Make up about 1% of blood • Necessary for coagulation (clotting) • If broken blood vessel is found a set of chemical reactions is started • Fibrin - a sticky network of protein fibers forms over the injury • A dry and thick crust (scab) will form • A natural band aid!

13. Platelet Facts • Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder where clots cannot be formed • Can die of blood loss • Thrombosis is a clot that forms and closes off a blood vessel • Clot in brain can cause an apoplectic stroke or a heart attack • Clot that moves is an embolism and it very dangerous

15. Complete Your Test Tube • Identify 4 main components & their percentages

16. Four Components of Blood

17. Complete Review Table

18. Review Table

19. Any Questions?

20. Task • Use notes & pages 244 – 246 • Answer • #1, 4 – 8 (on page 246) • #1, 3, 5 (on page 249)

21. Page 249 - #9 • Leukemia – rapid white blood cell growth • Sample: • B – high white blood cell count

22. Page 249 - #12 • High altitude – less oxygen available • Sample: • A – high RBC count – to carry more oxygen

23. Page 249 - #11 • Lead poisoning – destroys bone marrow • Sample: • C – low RBC count b/c produced in bone marrow

24. which is composed of Cells Blood including is made up of Concept Map 90% Gases, cells, nutrients, etc. ____ % function which carry a.k.a. coagulation function __________ & __________ also known as erythrocytes types: leukocytes & lymphocytes

25. Plasma which is composed of which is composed of Cells Blood including is made up of Concept Map 90% water 55% Gases, cells, nutrients, etc. 10 % 1% Platelets function 43% blood clotting 1% Red Blood Cells a.k.a. coagulation White Blood Cells which carry function oxygen & carbon dioxide fight invaders (immune system) also known as erythrocytes types: leukocytes & lymphocytes