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Worldwide Developments of Pesticides for Vector Control

Worldwide Developments of Pesticides for Vector Control. Graham Bruce White PhD consultant to the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program. from DDT to DWFP. AFPMB funding $5m/yr (W81XWH-FY04 recurrent) to upgrade DWFP “Deployed War-Fighter Protection

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Worldwide Developments of Pesticides for Vector Control

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  1. Worldwide Developments of Pesticides for Vector Control Graham Bruce White PhD consultant to the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program

  2. from DDT to DWFP

  3. AFPMB funding $5m/yr • (W81XWH-FY04 recurrent) • to upgrade DWFP • “Deployed War-Fighter Protection • from Disease-Carrying Insects” • by R&D support for: • academic experts (universities etc) • industry (chemical & equipment cos.) • govt agencies (Fed & State & local) • international collaborations

  4. Vectors of Human Diseases

  5. Mosquito Control: • Proven methods of control: environmental, biological, CHEMICAL, physical, physiological, trapping…management approach • Targetting in air, in water, on substrates • Possibilites for personal protection and/or mosquito population suppression/diversion, intermittent or sustained……elimination

  6. Mosquito Target Options • Ovicides & habitat manipulation • Larvicides – density dependent effectiveness • Adulticides & Repellents: – reduction of vectorial capacity by combined impact on: • density • survival-rates • man-vector contact

  7. Primary Manufacturers of Pesticides

  8. Insecticides for Vector Control (VC) approved by WHOPES *L, larvicide; R, residual; S, space-spray

  9. Novel insecticides • Benzoylureas, e.g. novaluron (Makteshim) • Neonicotinoids, e.g. imidacloprid (Bayer) • Phenylpyrazoles, e.g. fipronil (BASF) • Spinosins, e.g. spinosad (Dow)

  10. Pesticide formulations • EC, emulsifiable concentrate • SC, suspension concentrate • CS, capsule suspension • EW, emulsion in water • WG, wettable grain • WP, wettable powder • aerosol

  11. Adulticide Cost Comparison *highest label rate: fl.oz./min. @ 10 mph

  12. Mosquito Repellentsprovide only transient personal protection inconveniently • DMP (USDA/CMAVE) • Deet (USDA/CMAVE) • Ethyl hexanediol • Indalone • Di-n-propylisocinchoronate • Bicycloheptene dicarboximide • Tetrahydro furaldehyde • IR3535 (Bayrepel) • SS220 (USDA/CAIBL) • skin-so-soft™ (Avon) • citronella & many others of dubious value

  13. from ITNs (Insecticide-Treated Nets)to LLINs (Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets) • Olyset™ − Sumitomo • Permanet™ − Vestergaard-Frandsen

  14. Fifth update on Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets Current Status And Programmatic Issues: Geneva, 5/01/2004 PermaNet 2.0, a New LLIN Recommended by WHO The 7th WHOPES Working Group Meeting, held in WHO/HQ, Geneva, 2-4 December 2003, reviewed the results of laboratory and field studies of PermaNet and made the following conclusions and recommendations: “PermaNet 2.0 is a long lasting insecticidal mosquito net where the insecticide (deltamethrin 55 mg a.i./m2) is mixed in a resin coating the netting fibers so that the insecticide is progressively released from the resin and the net retains efficacy after repeated washings.

  15. GOALS of DWFP: • retain/improve/acquire/invent safe & fast-acting chemicals for: • better personal protection from mosquitoes & other biting arthropods • more effective community-wide vector control programs • improved targetting of vectors (enhanced formulations & equipment) • overcoming vector resistance problems with new actives • foster newly productive and growing collaborations, involving industry, academia & government agencies • deliver new products for vector control potentially benefitting mankind generally as well as particular interest groups (military, industry, mosquito control workers)

  16. DWFP steps towards better VC insecticides: • USDA to boost PH insecticide R&D • EPA to allow RR status for PH pesticides • EPA to reassess risk/benefits of VC products • Re-motivate Pesticides Industry • Stimulate insecticide R&D: discovery/development/production • New actives/formulations/manufacturers • Global VC spin-off to developing countries

  17. Regulatory issues for Public Health Pesticides European Commission – Biocides Directive FQPA objective: EPA to considerunique benefits of public health pesticides Definition of public health pesticide: any minor use pesticide used predominantly in public health programs for vector control or other recognized health protection uses

  18. Public Health Pesticides --Unreasonable Adverse Effects EPA must consider the risks and benefits of public health pesticides separate from risks and benefits of other pesticides Risks of Risks of vector pesticides

  19. Public Health Pesticides FQPA considerations • Expedited registration of PHPs • Data requirements commensurate with PH needs • Waiver of fees • Views of DHHS when canceling PHPs • $12 million for DHHS testing of PHPs • EPA/DA/DHHS to develop program to control public health pests

  20. AFPMB funding $5m/yr • (W81XWH-FY04 recurrent) • to upgrade DWFP • “Deployed War-Fighter Protection • from Disease-Carrying Insects” • by R&D support for: • academic experts (universities etc) • industry (chemical & equipment cos.) • govt agencies (Fed & State & local) • international collaborations

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