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Immunopathology

Immunopathology. Normal hematopoiesis Immunity vs Inflammation Examples of hypersensitivity types I - IV Autoimmune diseases Graves disease Systemic lupus erythematosis Scleroderma Immunodeficiency (congenital & acquired).

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Immunopathology

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  1. Immunopathology • Normal hematopoiesis • Immunity vs Inflammation • Examples of hypersensitivity types I - IV • Autoimmune diseases • Graves disease • Systemic lupus erythematosis • Scleroderma • Immunodeficiency (congenital & acquired)

  2. Bone marrow stem cells give rise to various blood cells through complex differentiation pathways.

  3. Normal Bone Marrow

  4. Bone Marrow Smear

  5. Clonal Proliferation of Erythroid Stem Cells In Vitro

  6. What is Immunity? How is it distinguished from inflammation? Antigenic Specificity ***Memory*** Mediated by B and T Lymphocytes

  7. Hypersensitivity Reactions Immediate (Type I) Cytotoxic (Type II) Immune complex (Type III) Delayed (Type IV)

  8. Type I Hypersensitivity Mast cells with cell surface IgE receptors degranulate and release vasoactive amines (eg histamine)

  9. Two Mechanisms Mediate Mast Cell Degranulation

  10. Type II Hypersensitivity Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity

  11. Role of Antibody and Complement in Opsonization and Phagocytosis of a Foreign Object

  12. Patient with Graves Disease • Hyperthyoidism • Exophthalmia • Patient has auto-antibodies to the TSH receptor • This qualifies as a type 2 reaction

  13. Type III Hypersensitivity Immune Complex-Mediated Tissue Injury

  14. Immune Complex-Mediated Vascular Inflammation (Vasculitis)

  15. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Example of type 3 hypersensitivity reaction affecting skin and internal organs • Systemic disease

  16. Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

  17. Immune complexes identified by direct immunofluorescence in a kidney biopsy from a patient with lupus nephritis.

  18. Scleroderma Scleroderma (Collagen Vascular Disease)

  19. Type IV Hypersensitivity Cell-Mediated (Delayed) Hypersensitivity Reaction

  20. T lymphocyte-mediated target cell killing.

  21. Immunodeficiency Diseases Congenital (eg selective IgA deficiency) Acquired (eg Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

  22. HIV Infection

  23. Clinical Features of Acquired Immunodeficiency

  24. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Adenosine deaminase deficiency Common variable deficiency Congenital X-linked hypogammaglobunemia Dermatomyositis DiGeorge syndrome Myasthenia gravis Raynaud phenomenon Scleroderma Selective IgA deficiency Sjogren syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Path Key Words

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