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Wilson and World War I

It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war. Woodrow Wilson, April 2, 1917. Wilson and World War I. PMQ: How did Wilson use morals in his foreign policy? The Story of a People Opposed to War Who Changed Their Collective Mind in 3 years.

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Wilson and World War I

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  1. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war. Woodrow Wilson, April 2, 1917 Wilson and World War I PMQ: How did Wilson use morals in his foreign policy? The Story of a People Opposed to War Who Changed Their Collective Mind in 3 years

  2. Idealism in Latin American Affairs • The gospel of American democracy • The Panama Canal • Open Door • Teach the Latin Americans • Mexico: Overthrow of Diaz by progressive reformer Madero • Huerta overthrows Madero • Wilson demands elections • Tampico incident • General Carranza • Pancho Villa gets Wilson’s support for a time

  3. Villa to US: Drop Dead! • NM Raid, 1916 • AEF: American Expeditionary Force

  4. Outbreak of War, June 1914 • Where is the progressive spirit? • The Black Hand • “The Blank Check” • Secret alliances • Triple Alliance (later, the Central Powers versus the Triple Entente (Allies) Kaiser Wilhelm II Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Family

  5. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) • What is the US foreign policy before the US enters the war in 1917? • William J Bryan • Lost 3 Pres elections • Busy speaker • 1912 helps engineer Wilson to victory • Secretary of State • Anti-imperialist, non-interventionist, pacifist

  6. Freedom of the Seas • Britain checked cargoes in NAtlantic • Sales to Allies soar from $825 mill (1914) > $3.2 Billion (1916) • By 1917, Britain and France had also borrowed > $2 billion • German U-Boots • Lusitania -1915 - 1200 die • 128 Americans • 200+ Canadians

  7. 1916: Wilson’s Juggling Act • What is Wilson juggling and how does he pull it off? Ethnic groups Moralists Progressives Political Parties

  8. Getting “Over There” • 1916 – Col. House’s mission • Jan, 1917 - Wilson lays out his peace plans • Feb 1: Germany renounces Sussex Pledge • Housatonic and 7 others • March: The Zimmermann Telegram • Congress debates • April: Wilson asks for Declaration of War • Most opposition: W & MidW

  9. Wilson’s Plans for Peace • 6 principles that are basis of The 14 points • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5. • 6.

  10. What is the impact on the economy of the US entering the war? • Selective Service Act • War Industries Board James Montgomery Flagg, artist -used his own face for iconic Sam

  11. Structural and Legal Support for the War • Treasury Dept • War Revenue Act • Railroad Administration • Food Administration • National War Labor Board • Espionage Act • Sedition Act McAdoo Holmes Debs

  12. The End of the War is Near • Germany no longer has an Eastern Front • American forces were entering the war at 250,000 troops a month! • “The Yanks are Coming” • 2nd Battle of the Marne • Final push toward Paris as Germany is depleted • Battle of Amiens – Allies push forward • Ottoman Emp. and Bulgaria want peace • Austria-Hungary has a revolution • 11/9/18- Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates and a German republic is formed • November 11 (Veteran’s Day) – Armistice signed - End of the War!

  13. Total War Deaths WWI • First World War (1914-18): • 15, 000, 000 military and civilian • 8,500,000 battle related deaths. • Germany: 1,773,700 • Russia: 1,700,000 • France & Empire: 1,327,000 • Austria-Hungary: 1,100,000 • Britain & Empire: 908,371 • Italy: 460,000 • Turkey: 236,000 • Romania: 219,800 • USA: 112,585 • Serbia: 45,000 • Belgium: 13,716

  14. Whom did the Treaty of Versailles blame for starting the war and WHY?

  15. What were Wilson’s strengths and weaknesses in handling the end of the war?

  16. Why did the US not join the League of Nations?

  17. What problems were associated with demobilization?

  18. What led to the Red Scare?

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