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EMBRYONIC AND ADULT STEM CELLS iN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE I.

Manifestation of Novel Social Challenges of the European Union in the Teaching Material of Medical Biotechnology Master’s P rogrammes at the University of Pécs and at the University of Debrecen Identification number : TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011.

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EMBRYONIC AND ADULT STEM CELLS iN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE I.

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  1. Manifestation of Novel Social Challenges of the European Unionin the Teaching Material ofMedical Biotechnology Master’s Programmesat theUniversity of Pécs and at the University of Debrecen Identificationnumber: TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011

  2. Manifestation of Novel Social Challenges of the European Unionin the Teaching Material ofMedical Biotechnology Master’s Programmesat theUniversity of Pécs and at the University of Debrecen Identificationnumber: TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011 István Szatmári MolecularTherapies-Lecture10 EMBRYONIC AND ADULT STEM CELLS iN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE I.

  3. TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011 The aim of this lecture to define and characterize theembryonic and adult stem cells. This lecture also covers the necessary basic concepts of cell reprogramming and lineageconversion. Table of contents 10.1. Embryonicstem (ES) cells Definition of stemcells Classification of stemcells Generation of human ES cells Generation of transgenic and knock out animals 10.2. Somatic cell reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells 3 ways to reprogram somatic cells into pluripotent cells Animalcloning Gene delivery methods for iPS reprogramming Lineage specific reprogrammingby transcription factors The promise of ES/iPS cell research 10.3 Adultstemcells Definition of adult (tissue specific) stem cells Examplefor an adultstemcell

  4. TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011

  5. TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011

  6. TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011 • The most important characteristics of • embryonic stem (ES) cells: • Self-renewal: Unlimited proliferation capacity without differentiation (immortality). • Pluripotency: they are able to develop into all types of somatic cells that make up the body. • ES specific markers: • Transcription factors: Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 • Alkaline phosphatase • SSEA1 (mouse ES cells) • SSEA3/4 (human ES cells) • Telomerase activity • Factors for maintainingthepluripotent state: • LIF, BMP4 (mouse ES cells) • bFGF, activin (human ES cells) Murine embryonic stem cell culture.

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  8. TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011 ES versus iPScells advantage: Oocytes or embryos do not need for iPS cell generation. There are no ethical issues (disruption of human embryos). iPS cells can be obtained from various somatic cells. iPS cells can be generated from patients. Disadvantage: iPS cells contain transgenes (reprogramming factors), these ectopic genes might interfere cell differentiation and over-activation of these genes (e.g. c-myc) can promote tumorigenesis. iPS cells are very similar to ES cells but several recent reports suggested that iPS cells have an impaired developmental potential. For example, getting tetraploid complementation with adult tissue derive iPS cells has not been successful. iPS cells are often partially reprogrammed (e.g. these cells retain the DNA methylation pattern of the original somatic cells).

  9. TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011

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  11. TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011 • adult (tissue specific) stem cells: • Adult stem cells are multipotent (orunipotent) cells, found throughout the body after embryonic development. These cells have the capacity to self-renew and to regenerate tissues long-term, in addition, they only differentiate to cell types within their lineage. • Examples: • Hematopoietic stem cells (blood stem cells) • Mesenchymal stem cells • Muscle stem cells (satellite cells) • Intestinal stem cells • Neural stem cells

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