Reading Assignment:

1. Reading Assignment: Chapter 4 Blood & Circulation end

2. Evolution of Gnathostomes Dunklesoteus end

3. mya Periods Ceph. Era Myxini Chondrichthyes Actinoptergii rays 2 Teleostei Tertiary skates 144 gar bowfin 65 Jurassic Mesozoic Holocephali coelacanth 213 lungfish placoderm Triassic Acanthodii Elasmobranchii Chondrostei ? 286 placoderms 248 Carboniferous placoderm 360 amphibians placoderm Devonian Paleozoic ostracoderms 408 Silurian 438 Ordovician 505 origin 590 Cambrian ostracoderm Quaternary sharks Cenozoic Cretaceous Permian placoderm Sarcopterygii end

4. end

5. Myxini--hagfishes • Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless • Notochord • No appendicular skeleton end

6. Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys • Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless • cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra • No appendicular skeleton end

7. Placodermi-placoderms first jaws • Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates end

8. Chondrichthyes-sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes • Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth • cartilaginous vertebrate with centra • Pelvic and pectoral fins well developed end

9. Actinopterygii--ray-finned fishes • Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable • cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra • pelvic and pectoral fins well developed puffer end

10. cranium gut gill slits Evolution of the jaw mouth visceral cartilages 8-9 arches Primitive jawless stage end

11. mandibular arch jaw hypothetical placoderm end

12. hyoid arch spiracle chondirchthyian end

13. 4. Branchiohyoid apparatus 1. neurocranium 5. Opercular bones 2. jaw 3. suspensorium Osteichthyian skull --5 elements end

14. Respiration: end

15. Blood Circulation: Gill filaments Gill rakers heart end

16. bone gill lamellae gill filaments Oxygen transfer: gill arch water Fig. 3.1 end

17. Factors affecting oxygen diffusion? • concentration gradient • distance • surface area end

18. memb. surface number of thickness area lamellae/mm 2 mm /g m m icefish 8 35 mackerel 5 32 bullhead 50 tuna 1500-3000 Gill data: end

19. Oral valve body Opercular cavity Gill Ventilation:Two-stage pump Buccal cavity Opercular flap end

20. Function of Respiratory Pump 1. Floor of buccal cavity drops vol.  operculum moves outvol.  2. floor of buccal cavity rises vol.  operculum moves in vol.  end

21. Gill Ventilation:buccal pump See Fig. 3.5 end

22. volume Gill Ventilation:buccal pump oral valve open end

23. Gill Ventilation:buccal pump oral valve closed volume end

24. volume Gill Ventilation:buccal pump oral valve open side view end

25. Gill Ventilation:buccal pump oral valve closed volume side view end

26. volume Gill Ventilation:buccal pump open open closed end

27. Gill Ventilation:buccal pump oral valve closed volume end

28. Gill Ventilation:opercular pump end

29. Gill Ventilation:opercular pump end

30. Gill Ventilation:opercular pump end

31. end

32. Water Pressure: end

33. End

34. Print next slide for student note-taking Do not show this slide or next

35. mya Era Periods 65 248 ? 590

36. mya Periods Ceph. Era Myxini Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes rays 2 Teleostei Tertiary skates 144 gar bowfin 65 Jurassic Mesozoic Holocephali coelacanth 213 lungfish placoderm Triassic Acanthodii Elasmobranchii Chondrostei ? 286 placoderms 248 Carboniferous placoderm 360 amphibians placoderm Devonian Paleozoic ostracoderms 408 Silurian 438 Ordovician 505 origin 590 Cambrian ostracoderm Quaternary sharks Cenozoic Cretaceous Permian placoderm Sarcopterygii Actinopterygii

37. Ardoch Hwy 18 I29 Hwy 1 to Johnstown Hwy 81 Manvel I29 Forest River UND Biol. Area farm house stop here tree line 0.5 mi Turn right on gravel road just past tree line, go north for 0.5 mi, turn right on two-track road just before Farm house, pass ravine on left and turn left following Ravine on the left, stop by chain link fence compound. 3 mi Inkster Grand Forks Hwy 18