APNT An Airline view

1. APNT An Airline view Captain Rocky Stone Chief Technical Pilot United Airlines APNT Meeting Stanford University August 10, 2010

2. Outline • Airline Position • NextGen Navigation and surveillance examples • Conclusions

3. APNT – Airline Perspective Cost vs. Capability This is the number 1 driver! Navigation and Surveillance back-ups must be considered together Maximum reuse of current equipment – most desirable New equipment – not out of the question, but must pass the cost vs. capability evaluation Retrofit versus new aircraft equipage – APNT must have a retrofit solution (in some form)

4. Navigation Technologies GNSS – Not just GPS! GPS GLONASS GALILEO COMPASS How do we certify all of these systems? Can the synergy of these systems deliver some APNT capabilities? DME-DME with Inertial Reference Units (IRU) Many aircraft are equipped Certification credit needs to be re-evaluated

5. Surveillance Technologies Wide Area Multilateration Aircraft based surveillance systems ADS-B in Accuracy tied to navigation source Can be degraded by GPS interference TCAS Excellent, independent range between aircraft Will probably need changes to optimize for use as a back-up for surveillance

7. Juneau Approach Video courtesy of:

8. Position isn’t just position, it’s safety! Using navigation with the accuracy and integrity enabled by GNSS in the vicinity of high terrain increases safety margin and reduces false alarms Much better performance from the Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)

9. Wake Vortex considerations in NextGen • Minor change can be made to ADS-B transmissions to add all the data necessary for ground based and cockpit based wake vortex avoidance applications • Ground systems with knowledge about the local wind/temperature field can allow for more capacity with safety • Wake visualization in the cockpit is key to gaining pilot acceptance of reduced wake vortex separation standards

10. Typically observed minimum separation distances during visual approaches Leader Aircraft Follower Aircraft Motivation for Wake Visualization IFR vs. VFR Separation FAA Regulated Separation Distances for IFR Leader Aircraft Follower Aircraft Note: Distance behind 757 is 4 nm for all aircraft. Distances in nautical miles Slide courtesy Dr. J. David Powell, Stanford University

11. Wake Visualization Display Picture courtesy Dr. J. David Powell, Stanford University

12. Conclusions Cost vs. Capability This is the number 1 driver! Reuse of current equipment – most desirable New equipment – not out of the question, but must pass the cost vs. capability evaluation Retrofit versus new aircraft equipage – APNT must have a retrofit solution (in some form)

13. Conclusions Cost vs. Capability This is the number 1 driver! Navigation and Surveillance back-ups must be considered together Maximum reuse of current equipment – most desirable New equipment – not out of the question, but must pass the cost vs. capability evaluation Retrofit versus new aircraft equipage – APNT must have a retrofit solution (in some form)

14. Thank you!