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Edweard Muybridge, Galloping Horse , 1878

Impressionism "All that is solid melts into air" (Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto, 1848) "Capture your Moments" (Kodak ad, 1888). Edweard Muybridge, Galloping Horse , 1878. http://youtu.be/UrRUDS1xbNs.

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Edweard Muybridge, Galloping Horse , 1878

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  1. Impressionism"All that is solid melts into air" (Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto, 1848)"Capture your Moments" (Kodak ad, 1888)

  2. Edweard Muybridge, Galloping Horse, 1878 http://youtu.be/UrRUDS1xbNs

  3. Eadweard Muybridge, The Zoopraxiscope, presented inautumn of 1879 The private gathering that watched the first Zoopraxiscope projections at Mayfield Grange, the home of Muybridge's sponsor Leland Stanford at Palo Alto farm, in the autumn of 1879 has the distinction of being one of the earliest motion picture audiences.

  4. Zoopraxiscope disc and detail of stencil

  5. Etienne-Jules Marey, Photographic Gun: camera with a rotating plate capable of taking rapid sequence of separate images.(below) Marey, Pelicans in Flight, c.1882

  6. First Kodak camera, 1888George EastmanCelluloid Film"You press the button, we do the rest" (left) Drawings submitted by George Eastman's attorneys for his new camera, The Kodak. The pages show detailed views of the camera's exterior and the interior with its barrel shutter and roll-film transport designs.

  7. (left) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) Color Theory, 1805-1829(right, above) Michel-Eugène Chevreul, color wheel, c.1860(right, below) 1888— Ad for first Kodak Camera, George Eastman

  8. IMPRESSIONISM – Paris, the 1870s WHAT WAS SO “MODERN” ABOUT IT? How can it have been avant-garde when now it is such a favorite of the middle classes?

  9. (left) Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841-1919), Portrait of Claude Monet. 1875, o/c, Musée d'Orsay, Paris (right) Claude Monet (French, 1840-1926), Self-Portrait,1886, o/c, private collection(center) Edouard Manet (French,1832-1883) Portrait of Monet, 1880, india ink on paper, Musée Marmottan, Paris

  10. Claude Monet country: Northern Coast of France

  11. (Oscar) Claude Monet, (left) A Hunter And His Dog On A Boat, 1858(right) Caricature of a man with a snuffbox, 1858 (artist was 18) Caricature from 1855. Monet was 15.

  12. James Whistler (American expatriate based in London) Harmony in Blue and Silver, Trouville, oil on canvas, 30 x 20 in, 1865, Isabella Steward Gardner Museum, Boston

  13. Gustave Courbet, Low tide, Trouville, 1865

  14. Eugène Boudin (French, 1824-1898), The Beach at Villerville, 1864, 10 x 30” Painting out of doors: “en plein air”

  15. (top) Claude Monet, The Beach at St-Address, 1867(bottom) EugèneBoudin, View of Portrieux, 1865

  16. Precursor painters – sources of Impressionism

  17. John Constable (English), The Haywain, 1821

  18. John Constable, Cloud Study, 1822, oil on paper,12 x 19”Courtauld Institute Galleries, London

  19. Joseph Mallord William Turner (English, 1775-1851), Rain, Steam & Speed: The Great Western Railroad, exhibited in 1844 at the Royal Academy, London, oil on canvas. Romantic landscape painter studied by Claude Monet in London in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war and the Commune.

  20. Théodore Rousseau (French, 1812-1867), Forest of Fontainebleau, Morning, 1850“Barbison School”

  21. (left) Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Madame Leblanc 1823 Oil on canvas. Metropolitan MA, New York City; (right) Eugène Delacroix, Self Portrait. c.1837. oïl on canvas. Louvre, ParisNote gestural painting of Delacroix – signifier of speed, passion, individualismDelacroix studied optics. Both gesture and optics inform Impressionism.

  22. (left) Claude Monet, Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1865-66, Oil on canvas, fragment of original, which was over 13 x 9 feet. Seated man is thought to be Courbet.(right) Edouard Manet, LeDéjeuner sur l’herbe, 1863

  23. Claude Monet, La Grenouillère, 1869Auguste Renoir, La Grenouillère ("The Frog Pond") 1869Painted side by side at Bougival, a suburb of Paris on the Seine river

  24. Claude Monet, The Thames at Westminster, 1871, oil on canvas, 47 x 72.5 cm (18 1/2 x 28 1/2"), National Gallery, London

  25. First Impressionist Exhibition, 15 April 1874: “Exhibition of the Société Anonyme of Painters, Sculptors, and Printmakers”(left) Nadar (Gaspard-Felix Tournachon) (1820-1910) Nadar’s Studio at 35 Boulevard des Capucines(right) Claude Monet, Boulevard des Capucines, 1873 (31 1/4 x 23 1/4") A new (modern, photographic) view from above of the new (modern) Paris: one of Baron Haussmann’s new boulevards

  26. (left) Edward and Henry Anthony, Broadway on a Rainy Day, 1859, albumen silver prints, stereograph (right) Claude Monet, Boulevard des Capucines, 1873 (31 1/4 x 23 1/4") Compare: Stop-action or "instantaneous" stereographic views by Anthony brothers, New York’s first manufacturers of cameras and photographic supplies, with Monet’s flickering “impression.”

  27. Claude Monet, Impression Sunrise, 1872, (19 × 25 in), Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris

  28. Claude Monet, Railroad Bridge at Argenteuil, 1874Below, anonymous photographer, the Argenteuil Railway Bridge, c. 1895 The Impressionist Eye is, in short, the most advanced eye in human evolution Jules Laforgue

  29. Claude Monet, The Gare Saint-Lazare, 1877, National Gallery, London

  30. (left) Katsushika Hokusai, South Wind, Clear Dawn, from Thirty Six Views of Mount Fuji, c. 1830-2, color woodblock, 10 x 15”(right) Claude Monet,Haystack, Sunset, 1891, oil on canvas, 28 x 36in, MFA BostonMonet’s 23 views of haystacks (1891-2) under various light conditions is thought to be influenced by Hokusai’s 36 views of Mount Fuji. Monet owned a copy of this print by Hokusai. “People are not sufficiently aware of how much our contemporary landscape Artists have borrowed from these pictures, especially Monet, whom I often encounter at Bing’s in the little attic where Levy is in charge of the Japanese prints.” Edmund de Goncourt, 1892

  31. Monet, Rouen Cathedral, the West Portal, Dull Weather dated 1894, painted 1892Oil on canvas 39 3/8 x 25 5/8 in. (100 x 65 cm) Musee d'Orsay, Parishttp://www.learn.columbia.edu/monet/swf/Click for information about Monet’s Rouen Cathedral series, 1892-4

  32. Monet, Rouen Cathedral, the West Portal and Saint-Romain Tower, Full Sunlight, Harmony in Blue and Gold, dated 1894, painted 1893, Oil on canvas, 42 1/8 x 28 3/4 in. Musee d'Orsay, Paris

  33. Claude Monet, Water Lilies (The Clouds) 1903 Oil on canvas (29 3/8 x 41 7/16 in.) Private collection

  34. Monet's home and garden at Giverny(below right) Studio constructed for the Nympheas (Water lilies) Series

  35. (left) Utagawa Hiroshige, Wisteria Blooms Over Water at Kameido, from One Hundred Views of Edo, c. 1857, color woodblock 14 x 9 in. Brooklyn MA(below) Claude Monet, Water Lilies and Japanese Bridge, 1899, oil on canvas, Princeton University

  36. While the Orangerie museum [Paris] was rebuilt around them for six years, Monet's waterlily paintings, too large to move, had to remain in place in the oval rooms built for them in 1927. (NYTimes, May 14, 2006)

  37. (left) photoportrait of Pierre-Auguste Renoir Frédéric Bazille, Portrait of Pierre-Auguste Renoir1867, oil on canvas, (37 x 32 1/3 in); Musee d'Orsay, Paris

  38. Claude Monet, La Grenouillère, 1869Auguste Renoir, La Grenouillère ("The Frog Pond") 1869Painted side by side at Bougival on the Seine river

  39. Auguste Renoir, The Dance at the Moulin de La Galette (Montmartre), 1876

  40. (left) Auguste Renoir, Torso of a Woman in Sunlight, 1876 (Impressionism, considered first modern, democratic art movement, born out of the class revolutions that brought down the Ancien Régime) Hedonism and veiled eroticism(right) Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Bathers, 1756 (Rococo, considered the cultural epitome of French Ancien Régime swept away by the class revolutions beginning in 1789) hedonism and veiled eroticism

  41. (right) Berthe Morisot (French, 1841-95), Self Portrait, 1885 (left) Edouard Manet, Portrait of Berthe Morisot, 1872

  42. Berthe Morisot, The Cradle (sister Edma and child), 1872, o/c (Morisot married Eugène Manet, brother of Edouard, in 1874)Exhibited in the First Impressionist exhibition. Morisot exhibited in 7 of the 8 Impressionist exhibitions.

  43. Berthe Morisot, The Wet Nurse Angèle Feeding Julie Manetoil on canvas, 21 x 19”, 1880. Private collection

  44. Berthe Morisot, Woman at Her Toilette, c. 1875, oil on canvas, 23 x 31” Chicago Art Institute

  45. (left) Auguste Renoir, The Loge, 1874 (right) Mary Cassatt, In the Loge, 1880

  46. Mary Cassatt, Woman Bathing, 1890-1891, from series of 10 prints on the daily lives of women, drypoint and aquatint on laid paper, 17 x 11 3/4 in. Japonisme Edgar Degas, who did collaborative works with Cassatt, admired her drawing of the back in this print: "I do not admit that a woman can draw like that."

  47. (below) Edgar Degas, The Tub, 1886, pastel on paper, 23 x 32”(left) Katsushika Hokusai, Women at the Public Bath, from the Manga vol. I, c. 1820, color woodblock, 7 x 4” In the manga, Degas said, he found relief from Western art’s obsession with “the female form divine.” European artists continually borrowed motifs from the manga. Both subject matter –contemporary woman bathing – andstyle that was considered radically anti-academic and modern, are directly influenced by Japanese art.

  48. Mary Cassatt,In the Omnibus, drypoint and aquatint in colors, 1890-91Suzuki Harunobu, (Japanese Ukiyo-e printmaker) 1724-1770) Women and Child, woodblock print, c.1750Ukiyo-e prints were key source for modernist form - flatness, rejection of Renaissance illusionism - but also in content: daily life of the middle and working classes.

  49. Women's Building, Sophie Hayden, architect World Columbian Exhibition of 1893 in Chicago, featuring Cassatt’s Modern Woman mural: 12’- 58’ (lost)

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