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In-Depth Interview

In-Depth Interview. What is Interview?. Interview: A Purposeful Social Interaction, Conversation, Discussion Two, More People, One Questions, Other Answers-----Research Question, Topic, Theme. In-Depth Interview. One-On-One Basis, Two Individuals---Interviewer and Respondent

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In-Depth Interview

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  1. In-Depth Interview

  2. What is Interview? • Interview: A Purposeful Social Interaction, Conversation, Discussion • Two, More People, One Questions, Other Answers-----Research Question, Topic, Theme

  3. In-Depth Interview • One-On-One Basis, Two Individuals---Interviewer and Respondent • Purpose: Data Collection, Detailed Discussion on Research Topic, Theme • Data: Personal Experiences, Accounts, Words, Opinions, Views, Ideas, Perceptions (Own Words)

  4. Structure and Control Issues • Un-structured or Semi-structured? • List of Questions In Advance? • Control of Content and Direction?

  5. Structured Interview • Structured Interview: Preconceived Topics/ Questions are Devised (Questionnaire) • Fixed Order and Wording of Questions • Participant Responds To Questions • Close-Ended Questions---Choices Are Given

  6. In-Depth Interview • One View: Unstructured in Format • Researcher Introduces Topic • No Extensive List---Predetermined, Focused, Short Questions • Awareness of Main Theme(s) • Think Through Relevant Questions

  7. In-Depth Interview(Unstructured) • No Control Over Content and Direction of Interview, Discussion • Researcher Leaves Respondents to Narrate Their Experiences, Accounts of Events, Themes

  8. In-Depth Interview • Second View: Semi-Structured in Format • Researcher Introduces Topic, Theme • Respondents Free To Elaborate on Topic • Give Personal Account of Their Experience • May Take Researcher in New but Related Direction

  9. In-Depth Interview(Semi-Structured) • Researcher Has A List of Themes • Tentative Questions---Written, Memorized • Probing Questions---Specific Information • Probing Further Information on Experience • Some Control over Content and Direction of Discussion

  10. Other Salient Features • Medium: Face-to-Face, Telephone • Acceptable Practices: Questions, Question Order May Vary, Addition, Deletion • Most Open-Ended Questions • Actual Questions---Composed on Spot • Questions out of Natural Rhythm

  11. Focus Group(Group Interview) • A Small Group of Individuals----Assembled to Express Their Views, Opinions Theme, Topic • Group Environment • Qualitative Data Collection Method • Data: Same As in In-Depth Interview; Emotions, Feelings, Tensions, Contradictions

  12. Main Features • Group Size----No Fixed Number • Consideration: Each Member is Able to Speak • Common View: 6—12 Members • Time: Meet 1-2 hours

  13. Main Features • Composition: No Friends, Still Comfortable to Talk to Each Other • Basis of Composition: Common Experience, Common Activities Knowledgeable About Topic, Detailed Discussion • Presence of Researcher (Takes notes, Observes) • Multiple Sessions--- Multiple Focus Groups

  14. Main Features • Both Unstructured and Semi-structured • Respondents Free to Discuss Topic • Researcher Takes an Active Role—Controlling Content and Direction of Group Discussion • Questions Prepared In Advance?

  15. Main Features • No Experts, Self-Appointed Experts, Inhibit Reponses, Intimidate Respondents • Hostile Members----Asked to Leave in Breaks

  16. Advantages of Focus Group • Quick and Cheap---Data Collection Method • Setting and Respondents---Variety • Direct Talk to Respondents----Clarification, Elaboration, Better Understanding of ideas • Opportunity: Respondents to Develop Reactions, Build Responses to Other Members

  17. Disadvantages • Group Dynamics---Data Quality • Dominance of one viewpoint----Dominant Member • Reluctance to Reveal Information

  18. In-Depth Interview and Focus Group • Choice: Not Matter of Either/Or • Similarities: Role of Researcher Important--Determining how the Discussion will Proceed • Researcher can Potentially Influence the Content • Data :Same in Both • Interview Guidelines: Same in Both

  19. Differences • Total Number of Participants • The Amount of Data Collected---Focus Group vs A Set of Individual Interviews • Focus Group: Access to Greater Number of Respondents at one point • In-depth Interview Provides more details about each Respondent

  20. Interview Guidelines • Moderation Style: Encourage Respondents, Comfortable, Respected, Input is Needed • Sensitive Ear----Interested in Their Views • Warm, Avoid Over-Rapport and Conflict • Remain Neutral, No Shock or Surprise • Probing, Right Questions, From General to Specific • Avoid Jargon, Technical, Slang Terms

  21. Interview Guidelines • Check-List of Themes, No Reliance on Memory • Taking Notes: Backbone of Data Collection • Recording---Written, Audio-Taping (Reactivity Problem) • Jotting on Spot, Casual Jotting (Memory Sparkers)

  22. Interview Guidelines • Short Notes, Not Long • Elaborate Notes—24 Hours • Separate Notes---Different Categories • Labels with Basic Information: Name, Code, Demographics (Age, Gender, Race, etc.), Location in Social Network, Time and Place of Interview

  23. Analysis • Look For Patterns---Themes, Perspectives • Patterns Formed By Words of Respondents • Topics: Consistent High Level Interest in Each Group • Group-to-Group Validation: Repetition of a Theme in Most Groups

  24. Analysis • Focus on Words of Respondents (Own Interpretation Helpful) • Process Begins with Researcher’s Interest, Ends with Respondent’s Interest

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