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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY. The world's largest solar facility in California consists of a 150-megawatt concentrating solar power system that uses parabolic trough collectors. www.nrel.gov/solar_radiation/solar_photos.html. Fred Loxsom Eastern Connecticut State University.

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

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  1. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY The world's largest solar facility in California consists of a 150-megawatt concentrating solar power system that uses parabolic trough collectors. www.nrel.gov/solar_radiation/solar_photos.html Fred Loxsom Eastern Connecticut State University

  2. Alternative, Renewable, Sustainable Two Examples: Photovoltaic Wind

  3. Photovotaic Power PV House (5/1/09) http://www.enviko.com/html/pv.html

  4. Grid-Connected Systems PV System (5/1/09) http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/renewables/section_3/topics/photovoltaic_cells/f.html

  5. Solar maps for Flat plate collectors

  6. Grid-Connected Residential PV Residential PV (5/509) http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/assets/images/events/2161-residential-pv-installation-training.jpg

  7. Grid-Connected Commercial PV Solar Array (5/5/09) http://www.sjcrespect.com/meetings.html

  8. PV Module Solar Module (5/5/09) http://www.solarhome.org/solarworldsw165-monosunmodulepvmodule.aspx

  9. PV Cells PV cell (5/5/09) http://www.homesolarpvpanels.com/solar-pv-cells.php

  10. Polycrystalline Cell Polycrystalline Cell (5/5/09) http://www.solar-energy-at-home.com/solar-cell.html

  11. Thin Film Cell Thin Film PV Cell (5/5/09) http://www1.eere.energy.gov/tribalenergy/guide/pv_materials.html

  12. Power Capacity or Peak Power Rating Amersfoort, Netherlands, Pv (5/13/09) http://www.sunenergysite.eu/en/top5pv.php

  13. Efficiency and Area Array Area (m2) = Capacity (kW)/ Efficiency Solar Power (5/12/09) http://www.nrel.gov/ NREL PIX number04577

  14. Capacity Factor Capacity Factor = 20% Berrego Solar (5/12/09) http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/g/a/2006/01/25/gree.DTL&o=1

  15. System Price Price = $9/W of capacity http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/object/article?f=/g/a/2006/01/25/gree.DTL&o=1

  16. US Electric Power Capacity (GW) Rural Solar (5/13/09) http://design.walkerart.org/detail.wac?id=4376&title=&style=images

  17. Future for PV 200 GW by 2030 Electric Energy = 0.20 x 200 GW x 24h x 365 = 350 billion kWh Carbon Reduction = 0.25 MtC/billion kWh x 350 billion kWh = 88 MtC (US total is 1600 MtC) Sunset (5/12/09) http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/04/pining_for_the_sun/sunset.jpg

  18. Wind Power UK's first wind farm in the Irish Sea which will supply 50,000 homes with power http://www.greenpeace.org/international/photosvideos/photos/the-uk-s-first-wind-farm-in-th-3

  19. Wind Resources http://attra.ncat.org/images/renewables/windResourceMap2.jpg,

  20. CT Wind Resources http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=ct, Retreived on 2/11/2009

  21. Massachusetts Wind Resources http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=ma, Retrieved on 2/11/2009

  22. Wyoming Wind Resources http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/maps_template.asp?stateab=ma, Retrieved on 2/11/2009

  23. Wind Power Classes http://www.nrel.gov/wind/facilities_site_tour.html?print, retrieved on 3/5/2009

  24. Wind Speed Distribution www.windatlas.ca/en/faq.php

  25. Seasonal Wind Speed California’s seasonal wind speed chart http://www.tlws.ca/images/wind_speed.gif

  26. Wind Turbine Components http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter16.html

  27. Steam Turbine

  28. Wind Turbine Efficiency http://www.windturbine-analysis.netfirms.com/index-intro.htm

  29. Savonius Wind Turbine Helical 3 kW wind generator , manufactured by the Solener Corp. (permission given 3/10/2009) http://www.solener.com/index_e.html

  30. Dutch Windmill Photography by R. Dumoulin http://www.richarddumoulin.com/

  31. American Multi-blade Windmill BullseyeMicrocaps.comhttp://www.bullseyemicrocaps.com/profiles/dksc/index.php

  32. Darrieus Wind Turbine Windspire vertical-axis wind turbine (Credit: Mariah Power) http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-9956965-54.html?tag=mncol;txt Darrieus rotor http://www.windturbine-analysis.netfirms.com/index-intro.htm

  33. Three-Blade HAWT Coal Clough wind farm, Cumbria http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/leading-green-groups-support-lake-district-wind-farm

  34. Example: Searsburg Wind Facility Green Mountain Power - Searsburg Wind Facility http://www.gmpvt.com/windmil2.htm • 11 Turbines at 0.55 MW each

  35. Example: Desert Sky – West Texas 107 Turbines at 1.5 MW each http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/downloads/wind_service.pdf

  36. Workers Blade 112’ long Nacelle 56 tons Tower 3 sections Wind Turbine Components

  37. GE 3.6 MW Turbine GE's 3.6-megawatt wind turbine http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=9823

  38. GE 3.6 MW Turbine Power Curve Annual average wind speed at hub height. http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/36mw/36mw_data.htm

  39. GE 3.6 MW Turbine Annual Energy Annual average wind speed at hub height. http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/wind_turbines/en/36mw/36mw_data.htm

  40. Capacity Factor Capacity Factor = 40%

  41. Example: Cape Wind Project • 130 turbines • 3.6 MW each http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/energyarticles.html

  42. Environmental Issue – Visual Pollution • Visual pollution • Bird and bat migration A computer illustration of the proposed Cape Wind turbine farm off the shores of Cape Cod. (Photo: CapeWind.org) http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/cape-wind-project-clears-key-hurdle/

  43. Environmental Issue – Bird Mortalities

  44. Economics - PTC http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=4242

  45. Competitive with Coal Wind turbines; China Posted by Martin Lloyd at 10:33 AM February 18, 2009weblog.greenpeace.org/.../archives/climate/

  46. Transmission

  47. Electric Power Capacity Sherman county wind farm, Oregon http://www.orsolutions.org/central/windfarm.htm

  48. Future for Wind 250 GW by 2030 Electric Energy = 0.40 x 250 GW x 24h x 365 = 880 billion kWh Carbon Reduction = 0.25 MtC/billion kWh x 880 billion kWh = 220 MtC (US total is 1600 MtC) Sunset (5/12/09) http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/04/pining_for_the_sun/sunset.jpg

  49. Conclusion • Barriers for Utility Wind • Transmission Infrastructure • Variability • Public Acceptance • Barriers for Rooftop PV • Cost • Grid-Integration Sunset (5/12/09) http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/04/pining_for_the_sun/sunset.jpg

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