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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT. You Will Learn…. About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture How to install Windows 2000 Professional How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 How to install and support Windows NT Workstation.

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT

  2. You Will Learn… • About Windows NT/2000/XP architecture • How to install Windows 2000 Professional • How to install hardware and applications with Windows 2000 • How to install and support Windows NT Workstation A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  3. Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  4. Windows NT/2000/XP Modes A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  5. User Mode • Processor mode in which programs: • Have only limited access to system information • Can access hardware only through other OS services • Used by several subsystems • Windows tools run primarily in user mode • Applications relate by way of the Win32 subsystem A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  6. Programs Interacting with Subsystems A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  7. Kernel Mode • Processor mode in which programs have extensive access to system information and hardware • Used by two main components • HAL (hardware abstraction layer) • Executive services A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  8. Networking Features • Workgroups • Domains • Native mode and mixed mode(Windows 2000) • Active Directory (Windows 2000) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  9. Workgroups • Logical groups of computers and users that share resources • Each computer maintains a list of users and their rights on that particular PC • Use peer-to-peer networking model A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  10. A Windows Workgroup A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  11. Domains • Groups of networked computers that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security • Use client/server model • Have a domain controller which stores and controls the SAM database (user, group, and computer accounts) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  12. A Windows Domain A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  13. Windows NT/2000/XP Logon • Default administrator account • Has the most privileges and rights • Can create user accounts and assign them rights A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  14. How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  15. A Choice of File Systems A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  16. A Choice of File Systems (continued) • FAT uses three components to manage data on a logical drive • FAT • Directories • Data files • NTFS uses a database called the master file table (MFT) as its core component A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  17. Master File Table (MFT) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  18. Advantages of NTFS over FAT • Recoverable • Supports encryption and disk quotas (Windows 2000/XP only) • Supports compression, mirroring drives, and large volume drives • Provides added security when booting from floppy disks • Uses smaller cluster sizes A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  19. Advantages of FAT over NTFS • Less overhead; best for hard drives < 500 MB • Backward-compatibility with Windows 9x and DOS OSs • Allows booting from a DOS or Windows 9x startup disk to access the drive A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  20. Installing Windows 2000 Professional • Clean install • Overwrites all information from previous OS installations • Upgrade installation • Can be installed to be dual-booted with another OS A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  21. Planning the Installation • Verify minimum requirements • At least 650 MB free space on hard drive • At least 64 MB of RAM • 133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU or higher • Select file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32) • Use the Microsoft Web site to verify components for Windows 2000: computer, peripheral hardware devices, and software A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  22. Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers • Consider where Windows 2000 installation files are stored • Convenience of putting them in the \i386 directory on a file server (distribution server) • Options for installation • Unattended installation • Drive imaging (disk cloning) • Know how to configure to access the network A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  23. Upgrade or Clean Install? • Clean install, erasing existing installations • Fresh start • Must reinstall applications software and restore data from backups • Upgrading existing operating system • Applications, data, most OS settings are carried forward • Installation is faster • Creating a dual boot • Not recommended between Windows 2000 andWindows NT A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  24. Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 • Considerations • Registries are incompatible • Run Check Upgrade Only mode of Windows 2000 Setup to check for compatibility A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  25. Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 (continued) • Hardware compatibility • Windows 2000 does not import drivers from Windows 9x • Windows 2000 deletes all Windows 9x system files and replaces them with Windows 2000 system files A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  26. Planning an Upgrade from Windows 9x to Windows 2000 (continued) • Software compatibility • Windows 9x applications store registry data differently and may rely on APIs specific to Windows 9x A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  27. Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 • Considerations • If using NTFS, Setup automatically upgrades to Windows 2000 version of NTFS • If using FAT16 or Windows NT with third-party software that allows Windows NT to use FAT32, Setup asks whether you want to upgrade to NTFS A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  28. Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 (continued) • Hardware compatibility • Most hardware and drivers will work • Check HCL on the Microsoft Web site or run Check Upgrade Only mode of Setup A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  29. Planning an Upgrade from Windows NT to Windows 2000 (continued) • Software compatibility • Nearly all applications will run with some exceptions • Antivirus software and third-party network software • Some disk management tools • Custom tools for power management • Custom solutions that are workarounds forWindows NT not supporting PnP • Software to monitor and control a UPS A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  30. Steps to Install Windows 2000 • Use Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe, both located in the \i386 directory • Access CMOS setup and verify settings A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  31. Clean Installation • If PC is capable of booting from a CD • Insert the CD and turn on the PC • Setup Wizard appears • If PC does not boot from a CD and you have a clean, empty hard drive • Create a set of Windows 2000 setup disks to boot the PC and to begin installation • Remaining installation is done from the CD A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  32. Clean Install When Hard Drive Has an OS Installed • Process if you use Windows 9x and the PC automatically detects a CD in the CD-ROM drive • Process if the PC does not automatically recognize a CD A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  33. Upgrade Installation • Prepare for installation • Verify that all devices and applications are Windows 2000-compatible • Scan memory and hard drive for viruses • Back up critical system files and data files • Close all applications and disable virus-scanning software; decompress hard drive (if compressed) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  34. Upgrade Installation (continued) • Perform the upgrade • Insert CD; Setup Wizard runs • Report phase • Setup phase • Text mode • GUI mode A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  35. After Installation: Backing Up the System State • Download and install all OS service packs, updates, and patches • Verify that all hardware works and install additional devices • Create user accounts • Install additional Windows components and applications • Verify that the system functions properly and backup the system state A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  36. Installing Hardware and Applications Under Windows 2000 • Add New Hardware Wizard automatically launches when new hardware is detected • Software is best installed from Add/Remove Programs icon of Control Panel A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  37. Installing Hardware A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  38. Updating a Device Driver A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  39. Installing Applications • Windows 2000 Add/Remove Programs utility looks different and provides more options: • Change or remove presently installed programs • Add new programs from CD, floppy disk, or from Microsoft over the Internet • Add or remove Windows components A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  40. Installing Applications (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  41. Supporting Windows NT • Different ways to install Windows NT • Troubleshooting the Windows NT boot process A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  42. Installing Windows NT as the Only OS • Installation files are stored in the \i386 directory on CD-ROM drive • If hard drive has no OS, boot from three start up disks; installation continues from CD • To perform an upgrade to Windows NT: • Boot the OS • Execute Winnt.exe on the Windows NT CD A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  43. Troubleshooting theWindows NT Boot Process • If Windows NT boot loader menu appears, use Last Know Good configuration • If unable to boot from hard drive, use three boot disks; select option “To repair a damaged Windows NT version 4.0 installation” • Try reinstalling Windows NT in its current folder; tell Setup it is an upgrade • Move hard drive to another system that runs Windows NT (last resort if using NTFS) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  44. Last Known Good Configuration • A copy of hardware configuration from the registry that is saved by the OS each time it boots and the first logon is made with no errors • Contained in the registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE • Reverting to it causes loss of any changes made to hardware configuration since Last Known Good was saved A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  45. Windows NT Boot Disks • Three disks required to hold enough ofWindows NT to boot • Format a disk using Windows NT Explorer A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  46. Creating Windows NT Boot Disks A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  47. The Windows NT Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) • Contains information unique to the OS and hard drive • Can be used to fix a problem with the OS • Enables restoration of Windows registry on the hard drive, which contains all configuration information for Windows • Also includes information used to build a command window to run DOS-like commands A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  48. Files on the ERD A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  49. Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a Failed Boot • Boot disks to boot Windows NT • ERD to recover critical system files on hard drive A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  50. Using Boot Disks and the ERD to Recover from a Failed Boot (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

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