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The Ruminant Animal

The Ruminant Animal. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University. Arable Land. Globally: 1/32 of the land mass is suitable for cultivation. United States: Today there is 1.875 acres per person. By 2025 there will be 1.25 acres per person suitable for cultivation.

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The Ruminant Animal

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  1. The Ruminant Animal Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University

  2. Arable Land Globally: • 1/32 of the land mass is suitable for cultivation. United States: • Today there is 1.875 acres per person. • By 2025 there will be 1.25 acres per person suitable for cultivation.

  3. Reticulo-Rumen

  4. Rumen Stratification of Ingesta

  5. Time Grazing vs. Time Ruminating

  6. Bacterial Fermentation • Process of Digestion. • Rumen Bacterial Population 150 billion/tsp • Located in Fibrous Mat and Liquid Layer. • Over 150 Microbial Species Determined by Type of Feed, and Reproductive Rate.

  7. Rumination • Process of rapid ingestion of forage for remastication later. • Reduces particle size enhancing microbial function, and feed passage. • “Cud” chewing produces saliva flow up to 45 gallons per day. • Saliva buffers the rumen to enhance microbial growth and development.

  8. Rumen Microorganisms • Symbiotic relationship enhancing digestive processes • Structural carbohydrates require fermentation • Nonstructural carbohydrates readily digestible • Primary bacteria are fiber-digesters, and starch-digesters

  9. Rumen Microorganisms (cont.) • Volatile fatty acids (products of fermentation) provide up to 80% of the energy needs of the animal. • The beef cow derives most of her protein from digestion of rumen microbes. • Changes in diets should take place slowly to avoid digestive problems.

  10. Summary • Cattle are ruminants. • Depend on microorganisms for protein and energy. • Feeding programs should maximize microbial protein production first. • Supplemental feeding programs should meet dietary deficiencies.

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