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CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design

CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design. Spring 2006 . Class Nr. 3 Tuesday January 17. Sunrise at Death Sea by Mrs B. Sorin. The Six Official Steps In A Project. 1. Enthusiasm 2. Disillusionment 3. Panic 4. Search for the guilty 5. Blame the innocent 6. Reward the uninvolved.

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CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design

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  1. CHE 448 – Chemical Engineering Design Spring 2006 Class Nr. 3 Tuesday January 17 Sunrise at Death Sea by Mrs B. Sorin

  2. The Six Official Steps In A Project 1. Enthusiasm2. Disillusionment3. Panic4. Search for the guilty5. Blame the innocent6. Reward the uninvolved Always acknowledge a fault frankly. This will throw those in authority off their guard and give you the opportunity to commit more. -- Mark Twain

  3. Stages of a Project Feasibility Study Basic Engineering Detail Engineering Building & Construction Production

  4. The Design Process:Part I

  5. The Design Project: Part II

  6. The Design Project: Part III

  7. Amount of information and stages of a project:

  8. Chemical Reaction Path and Molecular Structure Design • Chemical Reaction Path: Find the optimum chemical reaction path to make a given molecule. • Molecular Structure Design: Design a molecule with prescribed properties.

  9. Chemical Reaction Path • How can we produce a given Molecule? • Derive all alternative reaction paths, • Using available raw materials • Using feasible reaction mechanisms

  10. What do we look for? • What are the products and yields from a given chemical reaction? • What are the reaction mechanisms? • Do we need catalysts? Patents, Royalties? • Do we require pressure and temperature excursions? Hazards (toxic, irritant)? • Are there any difficult separation problems? • Are all raw materials available at reasonable price? • Are there any undesirable by-products?

  11. Example: PhenolOriginal Sulfonation Process

  12. Phenol:Chlorobenzene Process

  13. Phenol:Toluene Oxidation Process

  14. Phenol:Cumene Hydroperoxide Process

  15. The Phenol reaction path tree

  16. Decision Model for Reaction Path Analysis: I • Cost of raw materials • Stoichiometry • Yield • Cost of Utilities • Thermochemistry • Reaction Conditions (T, P) • Separations • Property differences • Concentrations • Percentage recovery • Separation conditions (P, T)

  17. Decision model for reaction path analysis II • Safety- Hazards and Operability Report • Properties of reactants and products • Reaction and separation conditions • Side reactions • Reliability • Knowledge about reaction and separations • Flexibility-Sensitivity • Range of conditions/yields

  18. Memo: To: Chief Process Engineer From: J. Dilbert, Plant Manager Explore the possibility of making Benzene out of our excess Toluene production in our Baton-Rouge, LA, site. We are selling Benzene at $ 1.17/gal (fob) and we sell Toluene at $ 0.80 /gal. Price per gallon is 46% higher! Currently we produce and sell about 60 106 gal/year of each (B & T) (~ 200,000 tons/year of each). We may be able to get additional profits of 22 M$/yr!!

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