1 / 33

RNAi Mechanism

RNAi Mechanism. The Central Dogma. DNA (double-stranded). RNA (single-stranded). Protein. When good RNA goes bad. Viruses can make double- stranded RNA. When good RNA goes bad. Cells sense double- stranded RNA and activate a response called RNAi. Understanding how RNAi works is the

soyala
Download Presentation

RNAi Mechanism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RNAi Mechanism

  2. The Central Dogma DNA (double-stranded) RNA (single-stranded) Protein

  3. When good RNA goes bad.... Viruses can make double- stranded RNA

  4. When good RNA goes bad.... Cells sense double- stranded RNA and activate a response called RNAi

  5. Understanding how RNAi works is the key to using it as a genetic tool and for therapy

  6. What is the mechanism of interference? RNAi in vitro... Cell free extract RNAi? Hannon Lab, Zamore Lab, Tuschl Lab, Sharp Lab

  7. Dicer cuts dsRNA into short RNAs Vanhecke, D.; Janitz, M. Drug Discov. Today, 2005, 10, 205-225. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference Emily Bernstein, Amy A. Caudy, Scott M. Hammond & Gregory J. Hannon

  8. Dicer is an evolutionarily conserved nuclease

  9. dsRNA RNAi functions in many different organisms

  10. Dicer is required for RNAi wild-type GFP dsRNA GFP – germline transgene dcr1-/-

  11. How do small dsRNAs turn genes off?

  12. Dicer-cut siRNA is used as a template to direct cleavage of complementary mRNA by RISC RISC: RNA-inducing silencing complex

  13. Argonaute proteins lie at the heart of RISC Ji-Joon Song Leemor Joshua-Tor

  14. PIWI is an RNase H like domain Argonaute-PIWI RNase HI RNase HII Ji Joon Song Leemor Joshua-Tor

  15. A model for siRNA directed cleavage

  16. microRNAs regulate gene expression without cleavage

  17. RNA or proteinlevel LIN-14, LIN-28 proteins LIN-41 protein LIN-29 protein let-7 RNA lin-4 RNA L1 stage L2 stage L3 stage L4 stage Adult stage Dicer stRNA precursor stRNA Translational repression small temporal RNAs (stRNAs) • lin-4 miRNA represses translation of lin-14 (L1 to L2 moult) Ambros lab, Rukvun lab Mello lab, Zamore lab Banerjee & Slack, 2002

  18. RNAi acts to regulate gene expression by two dicer-dependent mechanisms miRNA siRNA

  19. Model for translational repression RISC AAAAAA......... M7GpppG RISC recognizes a target

  20. Model for translational repression GW DCP RISC AAAAAA......... M7GpppG other Other proteins are also recruited – either along with RISC or later

  21. Model for translational repression decapping to P-bodies GW DCP RISC AAAAAA......... M7GpppG other de-adenylation? (e.g. Giraldez, Belasco, Rivas) block translation? (e.g. Filipowicz) RISC may block through multiple mechanisms

  22. Least well understood - Arabidopsis as a model….

  23. DNA is embedded in chromatin

  24. Regulation of gene expression at the level of chromatin Sequence-independent linker histones: control DNA compaction and accessibility to trans-acting factors post-translational modifications of histone tails: control compaction of DNA and serve as docking sites for trans-acting factors Range: Can act at the level of a single gene, often acts over groups of genes and over larger domains (20-200kb), and can affect gene expression over an entire chromosome

  25. Model for siRNA-dependent initiation of heterochromatic silencing by RITS • RITS: RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing complex

  26. dsRNA-mediated silencing in various organisms: Multiple mechanisms that are Dicer-dependant Meister & Tuschl, 2004

  27. dsRNA-mediated regulation may play a central role in the regulation of Gene Networks Levine and Davidson, PNAS, 2005 Ke, et al. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2003

More Related