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RIMTA Green Marine Day

RIMTA Green Marine Day. Nigel Calder. Some of what follows is crystal ball gazing I am no more qualified to do this than many others in this room And in any case, we are in a very volatile environment, so the only sure thing is that we will all be wrong!. Three huge drivers:.

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RIMTA Green Marine Day

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  1. RIMTA Green Marine Day Nigel Calder

  2. Some of what follows is crystal ball gazing • I am no more qualified to do this than many others in this room • And in any case, we are in a very volatile environment, so the only sure thing is that we will all be wrong!

  3. Three huge drivers: • Fuel price hikes of 2008 • How quickly will we forget? • Is this the long term writing on the wall? • The recession and drying up of credit • Despite a recovering economy, we cannot continue to spend more than we earn • Climate change consciousness • Finally catching up with the USA… • Cap and trade… • We need a mechanism to think about the long term impact of these things…

  4. Concurrently, innovation in design and construction: • Resin infusion • Widespread adoption of carbon and other new materials • Fiber rigging • Lots of experimentation in design and engineering (e.g. America’s Cup) • Ever tightening regulations

  5. A generational shift in systems... • 1970’s and solid state revolution • Power distribution unchanged… • Networking, especially NMEA 2000 • Distributed power • ‘Hybrid’ power generation and management • Hybrid propulsion Systems have been an Achilles heel… We have the potential for radical improvements in reliability and efficiency

  6. Measuring efficiency: Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC): SFC is the amount of fuel it takes to produce a kWh (kilowatt-hour) of energy It is expressed as grams/kWh (g/kWh) SFC is typically between 210 and 340 g/kWh Peak efficiency (lowest SFC) generally occurs at, or close to, the full load at peak torque On our D2-75 test engine, this is 230 g/kWh at 1500-1800 rpm, and at +/- 25 kW (about 80% load at these speeds)

  7. Fuel maps Intermittent duty to 55 kW Continuous duty Peak efficiency 230g/kWh

  8. Battery charging from an alternator: Peak efficiency @ +/- 800 g/kWh reflects alternator and belt losses and light load…

  9. AC generator operation 36 kW at flywheel 27 kW, 60 Hz generator 29 kW at flywheel: 22 kW, 50 Hz generator Intermittent duty Continuous duty 5 kW generator output

  10. How inefficiently? Efficiency relative to the peak efficiency Courtesy Victron Energy • Consider the Onan 7 kW generator with a 16,000 BTU aircon unit: • When the aircon is running the generator is operating at +/- 58% of peak efficiency • When the aircon has cycled to ‘off’, the generator is operating at 0% of peak • efficiency, and in fact is still burning approximately 25% of the full load fuel • 3. With an aircon duty cycle of 30%, the generator is burning +/- 200% of the fuel it • would use if the aircon load could be met at peak performance

  11. Propulsion efficiency Intermittent duty to 55 kW Continuous duty Flex-O-Fold Over propped Volvo-Penta Matched prop Fixed Under propped

  12. There is a great deal of opportunity here to improve efficiency and assume the mantle of ‘green technologies’

  13. A case study: ‘Typical’ 4-person household Total daily load = 17 kWh

  14. Options(assuming 30% losses through the batteries and inverter): Adapted from a table, courtesy Victron Energy

  15. Batteries as the enabling technology: • If a fossil fuel engine must be operated, only do so at peak efficiency • Use batteries as a ‘buffer’ • This requires very high charge and discharge rates, and operation in a partial SOC • Broadly the same as the automotive world

  16. A platform for: • Optimization of shorepower… • Integration of solar, wind, regeneration on sailboats, and other sources (such as fuel cells) as they become available • Modest improvement in propulsion efficiency • Dramatic improvement in house efficiency • Packaged systems with improved reliability

  17. Systems as a microcosm of the challenges facing us: • Modern technologies are multi-disciplinary: • mechanical, traditional electrical, power electronics, networking electronics, software... • Recreational marine world is a cottage industry • Even Brunswick and Beneteau are a loose alliance of individual companies • Unlike in automotive, no one company has the resources to master the new technologies

  18. Hybrid propulsion as an example:

  19. Agglomerating resources: • Commercial alliances • VW/ZF/Beneteau • Grant-based consortia • HYMAR • Cluster development • Statewide and national initiatives • MAREX, HISWA, FinnBoat… • MBBO

  20. The HYMAR project: • EU Framework Program (FP7) • DOE, ARPA-E, etc. • Creating the vision • Writing the proposal • Shepherding it through the process • Managing the project • The HYMAR players: • ICOMIA, Malo Yachts, Mastervolt, Steyr Motors, Bosch Engineering Group, Bruntons Propellers, INSEAN, EnerSys • IP issues • The first successful marine-based applicant…

  21. Grant processes: • Someone has to put up the money • There needs to be a vision for the program • There must be a mechanism for identifying projects for funding • Boatbuilders will need help: • Identifying opportunities • Building alliances • No access to professional writers! • Streamlining the process…

  22. Creating the vision: • MTAs versus a new organization • Models we can use: • Marex, HISWA, FinnBoat, South Africa… • Strategic planning (use academia?) • Identifying core technologies and trends • Fostering alliances • Technical assistance • Looking outside the boatbuilding world • TPI’s windmill blades • Hodgden’s furniture business • Lyman Morse Technologies Division

  23. Additional functions: • Collective branding and marketing • Getting the media on board • International symposia • Raising technology levels and creating a career path • Protecting the waterfront • Statewide legislative initiatives • Developing an export culture The importance of volunteer leadership v bureaucracy

  24. An exciting future: • Technological changes in construction and systems are creating more opportunity to reinvent our industry than at any time in the past 30 years • This is occurring at a time of great economic and cultural change; the ‘green’ label will become increasingly important • We need to form creative alliances, and reach out to other sectors, in order to operate effectively in this environment • Thos who position themselves correctly will emerge as the winners as the market regains strength

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