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Roman Civilization. After Octavian became Augustus, Rome will begin a 200 year period of peace known as the Pax Romana , or Roman Peace . 1. Augustus will keep a professional army but will downsize it. 2. He will build more roads and numerous public buildings.
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Roman Civilization After Octavian became Augustus, Rome will begin a 200 year period of peace known as the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace. 1. Augustus will keep a professional army but will downsize it. 2. He will build more roads and numerous public buildings. Education will spread during this time and the children of all wealthy Romans will be educated (mainly by Greek slaves).
Roman Construction During this time, the Romans develop the use of concrete (mixed with ash, lime and water). 1. Arches were used to support bridges, buildings and aqueducts, which were manmade channels used to bring water to areas that needed it. 2. The Colosseum and the Circus Maximus were built during this time. a. The Colosseum was a huge arena used for gladiator fights. b. The Circus Maximus held chariot races.
The Julian Emperors & the Good Emperors After Augustus died, four rulers, all who were related to Julius Caesar, controlled Rome. 1. All of the Julian Emperors (Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero) were poor emperors and caused numerous problems in Rome. 2. After a period of six other, fair emperors, the Good Emperors came to power. 3. The Good Emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius) strengthened Rome, increased the empires size and increased its wealth.
Commodus After Marcus Aurelius dies, Commodus becomes emperor. 1. He spends so much money he bankrupts the empire (he was eventually assassinated by his own men). 2. For the next 90 years, there will be so much fighting over who will be emperor that Rome will fail to protect it’s borders .
Diocletian Diocletian becomes emperor in 284 A.D. 1. He will divide the Roman empire in half to make it easier to govern. 2. He also issues the Edict of Prices which set wage and prices limits within the Roman Empire. 3. He also forbade farmers from leaving their land and made workers remain on their jobs throughout their lives.
Constantine the Great When Constantine becomes emperor, he attempts to solve Rome’s economic problems by: 1. allowing landowners to chain workers in the fields to prevent them from running away. 2. making jobs hereditary – transmitted from parent to children. 3. He will make Byzantium the capital of the eastern portion of the empire – and rename it Constantinople.
Theodosius Theodosius will officially divide the Roman empire into two political entities 1. The RomanEmpire, with Rome as its capital, will be in the west. 2. The Byzantine Empire, with Constantinople as its capital, will be in the east.
The Rise of Christianity Christianity developed in the Roman province of Judea. 1. Jesus’ disciples began spreading the message of Jesus and his resurrection – rise from the dead. 2. Those who accepted Jesus Christ and his teachings were known as Christians. 3. Christ came from Christos, which was Greek for messiah.
Christian Persecution Roman leaders were concerned with the spread of Christianity. 1. They believed the Christians’ claim that their God was the one, true God would upset their gods. 2. During the rule of Nero, Christianity was made illegal and many were killed. 3. They were wrapped in the hides of wild animals and torn to pieces by dogs, nailed to crosses, thrown to the lions and when day ended, burned to serve for nocturnal lights. 4. Christians who were willing to die rather than give up their beliefs were known as martyrs.
The Romans Adopt Christianity As the Roman Empire declined, Romans became dissatisfied with their polytheistic religion. 1. Since their gods weren’t doing anything about Rome’s decline, many began turning to Christianity. 2. When he becomes emperor, Constantine grants Christians religious freedom and uses Roman funds to build Christian churches. 3. Theodosius will make Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
The Fall of Rome As Rome declined, various Germanic tribes from northern Europe invaded Italy. 1. The tribes (Visigoths, Huns, Vandals, Franks and Goths) moved into northern Italy seeking a warmer climate and better land to graze their livestock. 2. In 476 A.D. Odoacer killed the Roman emperor and named himself the King of Rome – this event is generally considered the date of the collapse of the Roman Empire. 3. Even though the Empire has collapsed, Rome’s culture will continue to influence life in Europe.
