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Liquid Limit (LL)

Design and construction of soil liquid limit apparatus applied with fluid dynamics principles and shear strength model. Liquid Limit (LL). moisture/water content at the transition point of soil behavior from plastic to liquid. Two Standard Methods of LL Determination.

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Liquid Limit (LL)

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  1. Design and construction of soil liquid limit apparatus applied with fluid dynamics principles and shear strength model

  2. Liquid Limit (LL) • moisture/water content at the • transition point of soil behavior • from plastic to liquid Two Standard Methods of LL Determination Fall Cone Test Atterberg Limits

  3. Fall Cone Test Governing Principle -based on the measurement of penetration into the soil of a standardized cone of specific mass Drawback - Expensive

  4. Atterberg Limits Governing Principle -mixing a pat of clay in a round-bottomed porcelain bowl of 10-12cm diameter and having a groove through the pat of clay with a spatula, and the bowl was then struck many times against the palm of one hand. Drawbacks • inaccurate results due to procedural errors • user dependent

  5. Statement of the Objectives Main Objective • To test the applicability of the concept of fluid dynamics in determining the liquid limit of the soil.

  6. Objective No. 1 Objective No. 2 Statement of the Objectives To design and construct a Liquid-Limit Test Apparatus consist of motor drive, plastic shear, and glass funnel. To construct a Liquid-Limit Test Apparatus which can determine the water content at which the soil sample behaves practically like a liquid with a small shear strength.

  7. Objective No. 3 Objective No. 4 Statement of the Objectives To establish a quantitative relation using the concept of calculus specifically derivatives between the liquid limit and shear strength through the use of the principle of fluid dynamics. To compare the accuracy results of the constructed apparatus and Atterberg Limits Test with Fall-Cone Test based on the percent weight of moisture/water the soil hold (liquid limit).

  8. Significance • Department of Environment and Natural • Resources (DENR) • Soil Analysts and Geologists • Mass Information • Affordability and Practicality • Additional Knowledge

  9. LIMITATION SCOPE Scope and Limitation • Shear strength • application • Plastic Limit • Plasticity Index • Quality of materials • Fluid Dynamics Bernoulli’s Equation Volumetric Flow Rate Poiseuille's Law Continuity Principle Definition of pressure/ shear strength • Liquid limit of the soil

  10. Experimental Design R X1 O1 R X2 O2 R X3 O3 Figure 1. Post-test Control Group Design

  11. Research Paradigm Methodology Execution and Computation Linking Variable • Methods of Determining Liquid Limit of the Soil: • Atterberg limits • Fall cone penetration • Constructed apparatus Accuracy of the Result Dependent Variable Independent Variables Quality of Materials used for construction Environmental Stresses Extraneous Variables

  12. Schematic Diagram Designing the Machine Construction of the Machine Computation of quantitative relation between LL and shear strength through Fluid Dynamics Principles Pre-testing and Development Identifying Errors Actual Testing Data Gathering Statistical Process

  13. Designing of the Apparatus Main Operating System • Motor Drive • Shear to spin inside the glass funnel-like structure • DC motor with120 volts to 100 volts output • Water System • 50-ml burette as water reservoir Figure 1. Draft of the Machine Design

  14. Designing of the Apparatus • Liquid-Limit Test Apparatus • glass funnel on a carriage to contain the soil and show the baseline • consists of base, motor drive, plastic shear, containers, glass funnel, storage container, motor drive carriage, burette and glass funnel carriage for the liquid limit determination *baseline will be the basis for Liquid Limit determination in the soil

  15. Construction of the Apparatus Figure 2. Measuring and construction of the Base Framework

  16. Construction of the Apparatus Figure 3. Base and Motor/ Stirrer Attachment and Testing

  17. Construction of the Apparatus Figure 4. Wiring and Funnel Attachment

  18. Construction of the Apparatus Figure 5. Polishing and finishing touches

  19. Computation of quantitative relationship between liquid limit and the shear strength

  20. Actual Testing Figure 6. Weighing of replicates in each samples (17.45 g)

  21. Actual Testing Figure 7. Four Soil Samples A,B,C, and D together with the four replicates

  22. Actual Testing Figure 10. Washing of the funnel after testing Figure 8. Soil being put into the funnel for testing Figure 9. Soil Testing

  23. Results Table 1. Moisture Content (%) of Soil Samples Evaluated Using the Various Apparatus

  24. Highlights of the Results Table 1. Moisture Content (%) of Soil Samples Evaluated Using the Various Apparatus Note: - closer

  25. Results Table 2. Group Information for Liquid Limit

  26. Highlight of the Results Table 2. Group Information for Liquid Limit Difference: +6. 220 Much closer Difference: -0.723 Much closer Difference: -0.361 Difference: + 11.559

  27. Conclusion • - the method developed for LL determination is acceptable

  28. Recommendations Digital water system Funnel having a 45o-angle slanted terminal with a well-suited stopper Enhanced stirrer design Another material for the stopper

  29. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

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