Web accessibility for Content Authors The impact on disabled users...

1. Web accessibility for Content AuthorsThe impact on disabled users... Penny Everett Accessibility Consultant

2. Introduction • Brief background • Auditing websites • Fix the web

3. Sight Mobility Understanding Hearing Seizures What do we mean by disability? The hidden disabilities… 1 in 7 people in the UK have some form of disability Organisations are required to be anticipatory

4. Imagine your ‘good’ arm is in plaster. Using your non-dominant hand only - open the package. DO NOT USE YOUR MOUTH Describe your experience when following these instructions...

5. The Law • Equality Act 2010 including the Public Service Equality Duty (PSED) • Eliminate discrimination • Advance equality of opportunity • Carry out positive action measures • Procure suitable design for all users. Note. It is not against the law to treat a disabled person more favourably.

6. BS: 8878 Web Accessibility — Code of Practice • A new standard for organisations that provide a web service • 16 Steps to help organisations to comply with the Equality Act 2010 • Work towards inclusivity • Nominate an Accessibility Champion • Create relevant documentation • Conduct AT and user testing • Document any deviation.

7. The Content Author/Editor’s role • Internet ) • Intranet ) • Extranet ) • eLearning ) You are expected to make reasonable adjustments. Web Products

8. Direct and Indirect Discrimination • Direct discrimination would be a statement such as blind or deaf students will not be able to benefit from the video. • Indirect discrimination would be not supplying a transcript, or caption, for the video.

9. 12 W3C Guidelines (WCAG 2.0) • Future proofed • Level 1 - Single (A)25 Success Criteria • Level 2 - Double (AA)13 Success Criteria • Level 3 - Triple (AAA)23 Success Criteria • P = PerceivableContent available to the sensessight, hearing (and/or touch) • O = OperableInterface: navigation, forms, controls • U = UnderstandableContent and interface • R = RobustReliable: AT and common browsers

10. Anticipate disabled users • Use “personas” • A user may have multiple disabilities. Linda Barbara Dawn Hannah Bernard James Simon Paulo Photographs of personas by courtesy of Graur Razvan Ionut, Yarm Jeroen van Oostrom, Maggie Smith, and Tina Phillips http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/

11. Meaningful links • Avoid Click here... More... • Make sense out of context book list • Warn users before they open a PDF/file add size Course Outline (pdf) 618 Kb • Same links go to same place • Should not open in new window without notice* Reith lecture (new window) Bernard – aged 28 Registered blind and uses a screen reader to read out the text to him. * Setting a link to open in a new window will disorientate blind users.

12. Images • No images of text (unless logo etc) • Background v foreground contrast good • Decorative given null alt=“” or from CSS • Resolution no more than 72 dpi • Big files reduced before uploading. Book Sale 7-10 July Don’t forget the amazing book sale. Don’t forget the amazing book sale 7-10 July.

13. Image links • Alternative text states destinationAlt = “library zone details” • Title text informs sighted users of link Library Zones Study spaces are available throughout the Library, some of which are available on a 'first come, first served' basis and others are bookable via LSEforYou by LSE students. James aged 20 Needs a magnifier to view the screen.

14. Alternative text for images • Brief descriptive alternative text • Words like “image/picture” not used • Complex images (charts etc) explained in text or additional web page/file.

15. Target audience • Reading level aimed at target audience • Plain English, no jargon/idioms • Tone appropriate – NO SHOUTING! • Consider culture/religion/gender/age Dawn – aged 23 She is dyslexic and finds it easier if text has images and prefers a purple background when she uses her PC. Ew evah tliub pu a thgis yralubacov fo ytfif dnasuoht sdrow – ton yb enoemos gnillet su ytfif dnasouht semit tahw a drow si, tub yb gnizisehtopyh eht ytitnedi fo wen sdrow taht ew teem ni tnirp dna gnitset taht ruo sesehtopyh ekam esnes ni eht txetnoc.

16. EasyRead documents

17. Pasting from Word Processor • WP formatting and code removed • Web formatting applied to headings, bullets and numbers • Embedded images in WP saved as files. • The following important details: • Title of the book • Name of the author • ISBN (if known) • The following important details: • Title of the book • Name of the author • ISBN (if known)

18. Tables • Table given title within HTML ‘caption’ • Make sense read cell x cell, left to right • Column row/headings are defined • Summary is for blind - brief explanation of data but add navigation details if complex.

19. Headings • Use HTML formatting (h1) through to (h6) • Only one main heading (h1) per page • Not chosen for ‘look’ but in order • Help to create bite-sized chunks of text. This article is all about the different birds that can be found in the average urban garden. Robins are the most easily recognisable of the birds to visit us. Garden Birds We can still expect to see quite a variety in the average urban garden. Robins These delightful little birds are the most easily recognisable to visit us.

20. Colour • Colour not used to emphasise text • Stylesheet only used to colour text. • Colour not used to emphasise text • Stylesheet only used to colour text.

21. Colour • Good contrast foreground/background • Avoid colour dependency (colour-blind). Paulo – aged 24 He is colour-blind.

22. Video/Audio Hanna – aged 20 hard of hearing but can hear if low background noise. • Foreground sound easily discernible • Video/Audio have verbatim transcript • Transcript includes relevant sound/cues • Video includes captioning for deaf • Scenario explained to blind. Barb – aged 21 Born deaf and uses British sign languagewhich is very different from written sentences. Seated mental health nurse looking sympathetic and holding hands of elderly gentleman. He says “I’m worried about the cost of care”.

23. Keyboard only users • Make sure that nothing you upload creates a problem for keyboard only usersNavigation using: [Tab] arrow keys [Alt] [Enter] • Flash animations can be accessible but often are not • Content that is timed can be a problem for many users and is best avoided. Linda – aged 26 Has “Upper Limb Disorder” (aka RSI) and cannot use a mouse.

24. Seizures Epileptics, Motor Impaired 1. The Lord of the Rings, JRR Tolkien2. Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen3. His Dark Materials, Philip Pullman4. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Douglas Adams5. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, JK Rowling6. To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee8. Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell9. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, CS Lewis10. Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontë11. Catch-22, Joseph Heller12. Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë13. Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks14. Rebecca, Daphne du Maurier15. The Catcher in the Rye, JD Salinger16. The Wind in the Willows, Kenneth Grahame17. Great Expectations, Charles Dickens18. Little Women, Louisa May Alcott19. Captain Corelli's Mandolin, Louis de Bernieres20. War and Peace, Leo Tolstoy21. Gone with the Wind, Margaret Mitchell22. Harry Potter And The Philosopher's Stone, JK Rowling23. Harry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets, JK Rowling24. Harry Potter And The Prisoner Of Azkaban, JK Rowling25. The Hobbit, JRR Tolkien Simon – aged 31 Prone to seizures since he was 3 and has problems with fine movement. No flashes or lined patterns!

25. End of session • Any questions? The Little Content Book by Penny Everett