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Present Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive. Formation and use. Latin verbs have 3 moods. Not like these!!!. But like these!. Indicative Imperative Subjunctive. Indicative. The indicative mood is used for facts. e.g. It is autumn I am a teacher Caesar was killed on the Ides of March. Imperatives.

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Present Subjunctive

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  1. Present Subjunctive Formation and use

  2. Latin verbs have 3 moods Not like these!!! But like these! Indicative Imperative Subjunctive

  3. Indicative • The indicative mood is used for facts. • e.g. It is autumn • I am a teacher • Caesar was killed on the Ides of March

  4. Imperatives • Are used to order someone around!! • Jump!!!!

  5. subjunctive • The subjunctive is the mood for wishes, doubts, fears, conditions and other non factual clauses

  6. English subjunctive English subjunctives often have a word like may, might, should, would, or were. If I were you…but I’m not, Deogratias! 

  7. Latin Subjunctive • In Latin, the indicative has 6 tenses, while the subjunctive has 4 tenses: present, imperfect, perfect and pluperfect.

  8. Present subjunctive • For now, we will focus on only the present subjunctive. • First, go to the infinitive and drop the vowel and the –re • amare = am • Videre = vid • Ducere = duc • Capere = cap • Audire = aud

  9. She wears a diamond tiara • Next add the special vowels and personal endings • Amem, ames, amet • Videas, videas, videat • Ducam, ducas, ducat • Capiam, capias, capiat • Audiam, audias, audiat

  10. Passive • To make the present subjunctive passive, simply use the passive endings: • r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur • ametur • videatur • ducatur • capiatur • audiatur

  11. Sum • The present subjunctive of sum is irregular and must be memorized, It’s easy. • simsimus • sis sitis • sit sint

  12. Translation • Most often, the subjunctive is used in subordinate clauses, but there are a few independent uses of the present subjunctive • Hortatory • Iussive • Deliberative

  13. Hortatory • The hortatory subjunctive occurs only in the 1st person singular and plural • It is translated as “let”, e.g. let me sleep- in Latin , dormiam

  14. Iussive • The iussive is for 3rd person singular and plural. It also means let as in let them eat cake! • Edentlaganum

  15. A few more facts….. Interchangeable Negative Both hortatory and iussive form their negative with the word ne. Let’s not run Ne curramus! • Many books and teachers do not differentiate between hortatory and iussive, but use either name for both 1st and 3rd person.

  16. Deliberative • Also called "Dubitative," the Deliberative Subjunctive occurs when the speaker is asking a question of himself and is (or wishes to sound like he is) in doubt over the answer. It always begins with a question word. The negative is formed with "non". What should I do? • Quid faciam?

  17. Further uses….. • These are the most common independent uses of the subjunctive. The subjunctive has 3 more tenses and many more uses, so……………

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