ILO Decent Work indicators: background, methodology and results

1. ILO Decent Work indicators: background, methodology and results Nikolai Rogovsky, Senior Specialist, Policy Integration Department, ILO

2. Tripartite Meeting of Experts on the Measurement of Decent Work (Sept. 2008) • Global methodology for the measurement of decent work • Decent Work Indicators (DWIs) are both Statistical (SIs) and Legal Framework (LFIs) indicators • Profiles as documents that contain DWIs

3. Principles and framework for measuring Decent Work defined by the GB in Nov. 2009 • Purpose of the measurement framework (and, in particular, of the profiles): • to assist constituents to assess progress towards DW & • to offer comparable information for analysis and policy development. • NO ranking of countries & NO composite index. • Needs to cover all the dimensions of Decent Work

4. Also: approved list of substantive elements of the DW framework (“thematic areas”) and list of DWIs : structure of the profiles (chapters) • Economic and social context for decent work • Employment opportunities • Adequate earnings and productive work • Decent hours • Combining work, family and personal life • Work that should be abolished • Stability and security of work • Equal opportunity and treatment in employment • Safe work environment • Social security • Social dialogue, workers’ and employers’ representation

5. In each chapter: • Statistical indicators (SIs) • Legal Framework indicators (LFIs) • Narrative aimed at explaining the trends and at describing links between SIs and LFIs

6. Different types of statistical indicators • A layered approach to indicators: • Main indicators (M): Core set of indicators to monitor progress towards decent work (18). • Additional indicators (A): To be used where appropriate, and where data are available (25). • Context indicators (C): Provide information on the economic and social context for decent work (11). (ONLY FOR CHAPTER 1) • Future indicators (F): Currently not feasible due to conceptual or data availability issues, but to be included in the future (12). • Information included under legal framework (L) (21). • Disaggregation by sex is encouraged where possible and appropriate. • Countries are encouraged to select from the total list of indicators and add additional indicators to reflect national circumstances.

7. 18 Main Statistical DWIs 1 – Employment-to-population ratio 2 – Unemployment rate 3 – Youth not in education and not in employment 4 – Informal employment 5 – Working poverty rate 6 – Low pay rate (below 2/3 of average hourly earnings) 7 – Excessive hours (more than 48 hours per week) 8 – Incidence of children in child labour 9 – Precarious employment rate 10 – Occupational segregation by sex 11 – Female share of employment in ISCO-08 sub-major groups 11,12 and 13 12 – Occupational injury rate, fatal 13 – Share of population above a specified age benefiting from a pension 14 – Public social security expenditure (% of GDP) 15 – Union density rate 16 – Enterprises belonging to employer organization [rate] 17 – Collective bargaining coverage rate 18 – Indicator for Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (Freedom of • Association and Collective Bargaining) to be developed by the Office

8. Legal Framework Indicators (LFIs) LFIs give descriptive information on 21 pre-determined topics relevant to DW. Structure of LFIs: Law, policy or institutions: Content of laws, policies and institutions related to the subject-matter & description of the groups of persons that these apply to. Qualifying Conditions: When relevant, criteria for eligibility for a given benefit. Financing: When relevant, e.g. who contributes how much? Evidence of implementation effectiveness: Comments of ILO supervisory bodies related to implementation. Coverage of workers in law: If available, a broad estimate in percentage of the workforce covered by the law is indicated. Coverage of workers in practice: If available, a broad estimate in percentage of workers covered in practice is indicated. Ratification of ILO Conventions: Title of relevant ILO convention(s) and date of ratification, if ratified.

9. Example: “Employment Opportunities” area includes

10. Whatis a DecentWork Country Profile? • The Profiles are brief assessment reports on national progress towards DW over the last decade: • Compile all available data on statistical and legal framework indicators usually based on a national list of DWIs • Analyze gaps and trends within the socioeconomic context and the national labour and social policies • DWIs and the Profiles inform the design of national policies and programmes by providing baseline information • DWIs and the Profiles can also be used as monitoring tools of national policies and programmes by assessing progress to selected targets

11. How are the Profiles developed: steps • Agreement with the national constituents (we are always trying to link with DWC Programmes) • Initial mission (list of DWIs, data availability, political agreement, workplan) • Draft profile – comments from INTEGRATION, ILO field offices • Tripartite Validation workshop • Final ILO comments • Publication

12. The characteristics of DWC profiles • Objective (informing social dialogue) • Factual (only data that we trust) • Non-judgemental (not taking sides, same data – different interpretations) • Holistic (all thematic areas and, if possible, all Main SIs and LFIs) • Combines LFI and SI • Continuous process, should be linked with DWC Programme cycle

13. Geographical scope • Done: Ukraine, Tanzania (mainland), Austria, Brazil, Indonesia, Azerbaijan, South Africa • Final draft: Armenia, Zambia, Cameroun, Cambodia, • Validated drafts: Philippines • Advanced drafts: Niger, Brazil -2 (national + States) • Under preparation: Bangladesh, Peru, Senegal • Tentatively planned : Namibia, Moldova, Mauritius, Jordan

14. EC/ILO-MAP project “Monitoring and Assessing Progress on DW “ (2009-13) • Objectives: ILO framework on the measurement of DW (TME, 2008) applied at national level, according to national priorities and policies (9 pilot-countries); global methodology developed for measuring & monitoring DW. • Meeting on Measuring and Monitoring DW (27-29 June): lessons learnt from the MAP project: main achievements, main challenges, ILO tools and manuals prepared under MAP (10 countries represented, Geneva missions, UN agencies, EU agencies).

15. EC/ILO-MAP project “Monitoring and Assessing Progress on DW “ (2009-13) • Profiles: a key instrument for designing/monitoring DWCP; priority topics and baseline indicators are identified for the DWCP monitoring. • Profiles: advocacy tools to be used by constituents to mainstream priority DW issues into NDF and to identify key performance indicators for the NDF monitoring framework (NSO/Ministry Planning-Finance): - where are we starting : baseline indicators - where are we going : target indicators

16. EC/ILO-MAP project “Monitoring and Assessing Progress on DW “ (2009-13) Guidelines/tools prepared under MAP (manual for a global methodology): • Manual on definitions/concepts of DWIs (with STAT) • Toolkit on LFS questionnaire (with STAT) • Training manual on data processing/tabulation • Guidelines on data interpretation (LFS+SI) for the preparation of the Profiles • Guidelines in integrating DWIs and Profiles into DWCP.

17. Information and Knowledge Management (IKM) Implementation Structure SMT Reporting SteeringCommittee on Information and Knowledge Management Chair: PROG, Members: EDs, RD rotating, INST, INT, STAT, 3 Task Force Leaders • GATEWAY • Task Force (3) • Leader • Coordinator • COUNTRY BASED POLICY ANALYSIS • Task Force (2) • Leader • Coordinator Managerial Structure DecentWork Teams Supported by HQ techinical staff • GLOBAL RESEARCH and PUBLICATIONS • Task Force (1) • Leader • Coordinator WG Statistical Databases WG Policy Databases WG IT WG Legal Databases Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 GATEWAY Research and Publications Strategy Integrated Country AnalysisMethodology Products JOINT CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES • Composition willbedeterminedafter a review of the Research and Publications Committee • Technicalsectors reps, Regional reps, IT, PROGRAM, INTEGRATION, STATISTICS, IILS, INFORM • Techinicalsector reps; Regional reps; INTEGRATION; STATISTICS; IILS

18. Issues to be addressed • STAT and NORMES databases – very useful, but not always sufficient for the Profiles- need to find better links (Gateway?) • Choice of Lead Consultant (National or international?) • Language issues • Time and resources needed -> e-profiles • Ownership of the Profiles?