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PIA 2501

PIA 2501. ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs. Weak. Weak. Strong. Strong. State-Weak. Strong. State Societal Linkages. Central State - Macro. SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE. Mezzo-Intermediate.

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PIA 2501

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  1. PIA 2501 ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

  2. Weak Weak Strong Strong State-Weak Strong State Societal Linkages Central State - Macro SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE Mezzo-Intermediate Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State Civil Society - Micro Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

  3. Civil Society--Review • Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests • "Beyond the family but short of the state" (Hegal)

  4. Civil Society Review • "Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous) • Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

  5. Civil Society • NGOs, CBOs, PVOs: Who do they represent? • Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality) • Groups • Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

  6. Civil Society • Privatization as an issue • Corporatism vs. Clientelism • Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) • Establishing the rule of law • Roman vs. Common Law • What is the role of the individual

  7. Decentralization and Civil Society Target Group Governance / Democracy Communication and Support NGOs Women’s Focused Groups Civic Education Rural Credit Rural Industries Land Grassroots Organizations

  8. PIA 2501 Break

  9. NGOs THE NATURE OF THE BEAST

  10. NGOs--The Nature of the Beast • Non-Profits vs. For Profits • Not for Profits- More value directed • Private Voluntary Organizations(PVOs) • Community Based Organizations (CBOs) • Foundations

  11. NGOs- The Nature of the Beast • Civic Associations • Interest Groups • Quangos • Trade Unions • Religious Organizations

  12. Five Caveats • Usually excludes “for profits” • Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits • Includes both International and Local • Internationals are not universally loved

  13. Caveats • Very often internationals are religious or charity based • Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

  14. Types of “Development” NGOs • Philanthropy • Relief and Welfare Societies • Public Service Contractors • Populist based development agencies (national)

  15. Types of “Development” NGOs • Grassroots associations (local or village based) • Advocacy groups • Public Service Contractors

  16. Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • War, Drought, Agricultural Failure • Focus on Rural Development • Human Rights • Focus on Governance

  17. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage • Cost-effective • Small but efficient • Innovative • Staff loyalty and commitment

  18. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster NGOs--Perceived Advantage • Ideologically compatible with Development values • Links with poor • Image of populism

  19. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Lack of local legitimacy • Donor driven • Inefficiency

  20. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Amateurism • Leadership and continuity problems • Staffing problems • Self-serving-own objectives • Faith Based

  21. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Fixation on projects • Problems of replication • Lack of perceived accountability • Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

  22. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster • International NGOs—Weaknesses • Tensions with government institutions • Politically threatening • Ties with existing local elites • Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

  23. Group Discussion--Civil Society and Democracy in... • Latin America--South • Eastern Europe • Asia • Africa

  24. “Mini Discussion”Development, Social Beliefs & Civil Society • Kushwant Singh, “Last Train” • Norman Rush, “Bruns” • The Nature of the Outsider • Mahasweta Devi, “Dhowli” • The Untouchables of the World • Naipaul • Believers, Unbelievers • Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

  25. “Winner” of the Day • V.S. Naipaul • Nobel Prize for Literature, 2001 • Discussion • Naipaul’s view of civil society • Compare with: • Graham Greene • Samuel Huntington • Susan George

  26. Author of the Week:Arturo Escobar • What Does Escobar say about the concepts Development Economics and Planning? • How does he "Deconstruct" development? • What does that mean? • "What Is To Be Done?" according to Escobar.

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