Which of the following organisms are autotrophs? algae some bacteria plants some protozoans all of the above

1. Which of the following organisms are autotrophs?algaesome bacteriaplantssome protozoansall of the above

2. The reactions of glycolysis occur in themitochondriacytoplasmchloroplastsnucleus

3. The coenzyme electron carriers produced in the Krebs cycle areATP and ADPPyruvate and acetyl CoAFADH and NADHNAD and NADH

4. Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation?CO2O2EthanolLactate

5. What role does oxygen play in oxidative respiration?no rolecombines with acetyl CoA by-product of oxidation of pyruvatefinal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

6. During what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP synthesized?glycolysisoxidation of pyruvatechemiosmosisKrebs cycle

7. During the electron transport chain, H+ are pumped out of the cellout of the mitochondria into the cell cytoplasmout of the mitochondrial matrix into the outer compartment of the mitochondriaout of the cell cytoplasm into the matrix of the mitochondria

8. Chemiosmosis generation of ATP is driven by * phosphate transfer through the membrane* sodium/potassium pump* difference in H+ conc on the two sides of the membrane* osmosis and macromolecules* none of the above

9. Energy is derived from all of the following EXCEPTglycolysisKrebs cycleElectron transport chainBeta oxidatin

10. The decarboxylation step of oxidizing pyruvate occurs in the cytoplasmGolgi bodyribosomemitochondria

11. Light consists of units of energy called…electronsphotonsprotonsneutronspigments

12. Molecules that absorb light are calledenzymeselectron carriers pigments photosynthesizersabsorbers

13. The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those thatconvert chlorophylls into enzymesconvert enzymes into chlorophyllsconvert water into hydrogen and oxygenconvert CO2 into reduced molecules (sugars)only occur in the presence of nitrogen

14. In dark reactions, when CO2 is added to a molecule of RuBP the product is citric acidglucosePGALPGAPyruvate

15. Internal chloroplast membranes are organized into flattened sacs calledmicrobodiesmitochondriathylakoidsvesiclesCalvin Bodies

16. Which part of the chloroplasts contains the Calvin cycle enzymes?stromathylakoidsgranaenvelopecristae

17. A method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the problem of photorespiration is C3 pathwayCAM metabolismCalvin cycleLight reactionsNitrogen fixation

18. During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?*cyclic photophosphorylation*light reactions involving photosystem I and II*carbon fixation*Krebs cycle*O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

19. Which of the following is mismatched?*Photosystem I – uses the P700 molecule in its photocenter*PGA is a 3 carbon compound*CAM plants – open their stomata during the day and close them at night to avoid photorespiration*C4 plants – expend ATP to concentrate CO2 in bundle sheath cells

20. Which of the following is common to both cellular respiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis?transfer of electrons to glucosechemiosmotic formation of ATPoxygen is one of the byproductsmitochondria are essential organellesmust have light

21. Diploid individuals have a chromosome number ofN2N3N½ N

22. Chromosomes that are paired are calledsomatichomozygoushomologoushomoerectus

23. DNA and protein freely floating about in the nucleoplasm is termed chromatidschromosomeschromatinchromatography

24. The site of attachment in chromosomes is called the centrobarometercentrotidscentromatincentromere

25. The pinching off of the cell membrane immediately following mitosis is calledcytogeneticscytocalimetricscytokinesiscytoplasmic

26. Tetrads line up on the cell’s equator during what phase of Meiosis?Prophase IProphase IIMetaphase IMetaphase II

27. In which phase does the DNA replicate?G1SG2mitosiscytokinesis

28. During the cell cycle, the cell spends most of its time in mitosiscytokinesisinterphasecleavage

29. Crossing-over results in genetic recombination by-reducing the original cell’s chromosome number by half-mixing half the maternal chromosomes with half the paternal chromosomes-permitting the exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromosomes

30. During mitotic division chromosomes are pulled apart by kinetochore fibers during what stage?ProphaseAnaphaseMetaphaseTelophase

31. An allele that can be present but unexpressed “masked” isredundantdominantfunctionalrecessive

32. The actual letters or alleles of an individual is referred to as itsblueprintgenotypephenotypeallelotype

33. If a single gene has 3 or more alternative forms, they are calledheterozygotesmultiple allelesepistatichomozygotes

34. When chromosomes fail to separate during prophase and one cell gets and extra one while the other is deprived of one is called.epistasisnon-disjunctiondisjunctionautosomy

35. Humans who have lost even one copy of an autosome are calledtetrasomicsmonosomictrisomicsupersonic

36. Which of the following represents a test cross?WW x WwWW x WWWW x wwWw x Ww

37. Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = Tall and t = short. What would be the phenotype of a plant with the genotype PpTt?purple flowers, tallpurple flowers, shortwhite flowers, tallwhite flowers, short

38. In a typical Mendel experiment on pea-seed color, if the dominant yellow seed-bearing plant was crossed with the recessive green seed-bearing plant, the F2 generation will show what ratio of each kind?1 yellow: 3 green1 yellow: 1 green3 yellow: 1 greenseeds with patches of yellow and greennone of the above

39. Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall and t = short. Of the 16 possible gamete combinations in the dihybrid cross, how many in a hetero X hetero cross would be the phenotype white, tall?13916

40. In the F2 generation, the 3:1 phenotypic ratio is really disguised as a _______ genotypic ratio1:2:12:1:11:1:24:0

41. In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted byribaseligasedeoxasehelicase

42. Okazaki fragments are used to elongatethe leading strand towards the replication forkthe lagging strand towards the replication forkthe leading strand away from the replication forkthe lagging strand away from the replication fork

43. In a molecule of DNA, nucleosomes are connected bytelomereseuchromatinlinker DNAreplication units

44. The bond connecting one nucleotide with the next one along the chain is called a C=C bondHydrophobic bondPhosphodiester bondPeptide bond

45. _________________ prevent the loss of a part of a DNA molecule by consecutive discontinuous synthesis.TelomeresCentromeresHelicasesLigases

46. With few exceptions, all nuclei of eukaryotic cells contain-genes to specify the portion of the organism in which they are found-all the genetic information needed for growing the whole organism-all of the chromosomes except sex chromosomes which are in sperm and egg-single stranded DNA

47. Which of the following statements are true in the Hershey-Chase experiments?-DNA was labeled with radioactive phosphorus-Protein was labeled with radioactive sulfur-The virus infected bacteria showed radioactive phosphorus-The virus infected bacteria showed radioactive sulfur-a, b, and c are correct

48. The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated by-inding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium-finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage-finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage in a bacterium-finding radioactive sulfur from a bacterium in a bacteriophage

49. The identification of the transforming principle proved that dead bacteria are as lethal as live onesStreptococcus pneumoniae evolved from PneumococcusGenetic information is contained in DNAThere is no protein in chromosomes

50. Because of its tight packing, ___________________ is not readily accessible to transcription.