Teacher : Cheng-Ho Chen

1. Teacher: Cheng-Ho Chen 南台化材

2. Outline • Introduction • Materials • Experimental • Results and discussion • Conclusions 南台化材

3. Introduction (1) • During the last twenty years, not only in the academia but also inthe industry clay polymer nanocomposites (CPN) have attractedsignificant interest. • Nanocomposites provide a significant improvement in polymer properties such as modulus,strength, and heat resistance, when compared to conventional composites. • Montmorillonite can significantly improve thermal stability and mechanical properties when dispersed in a polymer matrix with a low content. In general, there are two nanostructures in Mt/PP nanocomposites. 南台化材

4. Introduction (2) • They intercalated octadecyl amine ethoxylate ether (A), which has two poly(ethylene oxide) segments, into the interlayer space of Mt, and the modified Mt was used to prepare Mt/PP nanocomposites by a melt blending technique with and without maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPg). 南台化材 4

5. Materials • Polypropylene, PP [-CH2CH(CH3)-]n • Ca2+-montmorillonite , Ca2+-Mt • Octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride • Octadecyl amine ethoxylate ether 南台化材 5

6. Experimental (1) The surfactant A (50 g) was first dissolved in water till a limpid solution was obtained and then Ca2+-Mt (50 g) were added to this surfactant solution. The AMt dispersion was heated at 60 °C under vigorous stirring. The A/Ca2+-Mt (AMt) hybrids were dried in a 60 °C oven for several days and then pulverized. The power was sieved by passing though a 200-mesh stainless steel sifter. A/OMt (AOMt) hybrids were prepared in the same way. 南台化材 6

7. Experimental (2) AMt or AOMt hybrids were added with 1–5 parts per hundred parts of PP (phr) by weight, then extruded by a general three-section twin-screw extruder (D=20 mm, L/D=40). Screw speed was set at 200 rpm and the temperatures were 175 °C, 190 °C, and 190 °C for each section of the barrel and 185 °C for the die. Before analysis by FTIR and TGA, all samples were extracted by boiling xylene for 72 h in order to get rid of free octadecyl amine ethoxylate ether component. 南台化材 7

8. Results and discussion 南台化材 8

9. FT-IR 2923cm-1、2851cm-1 :C-H 南台化材 9

10. TGA N-H…O 南台化材

11. XRD 南台化材

12. TEM 1.80nm 1.80nm 3.88nm 4.28nm PP/AMt (100/5) PP/PPg/AMt (90/10/5) PP/AOMt (100/5) PP/PPg/AOMt (90/10/5) 1.83nm 4.21nm 1.83nm 3.73nm Fig. 4. TEM micrographs of Mt/PP nanocomposites: (a) and (b), PP/AMt (100/5); (c) and (d), PP/PPg/AMt (90/10/5); (e) and (f), PP/AOMt (100/5); (g) and (h), PP/PPg/AOMt (90/10/5). 南台化材

13. Mechanical properties 南台化材

14. SEM PP/AMt (100/5) PP/PPg/AMt (90/10/5) PP/AOMt (100/5) PP/PPg/AOMt (90/10/5) 南台化材

15. XRD 南台化材

16. DSC 南台化材

17. Crystallization 南台化材 17

18. Rheological behaviors PP/AMt PP/AOMt PP/PPg/AMt PP/PPg/AOMt 南台化材 18

19. Conclusions • As observed by XRD and TEM analysis, Mt/PP nanocomposites were successfully prepared by melt blending technique using different contents of Mt modified by polyether with and without compatibilizer PPg. • The modified Mt polyether in PP matrix led to a significant reduction of melt viscosity and enhancement in Izod-notched impact strength and elongation at break. • The Izod-notched impact strength and elongation at break of Mt/PP nanocomposites were 1.95 and 2.77 times as high as those of pure PP. The tensile strength was also improved in the presence of PPg. 南台化材 19

20. Thanks for your attention 南台化材 20