Introduction to Computers

1. Introduction to Computers By: Chris Kenney Jill Byrd Leonardo Costales

2. History of Computers • One of the earliest computers was the abacus, which was 5000 years old. • Four essential components of modern computing are as follows: Input Storage Processing Output • With old computers, moving parts were slow, and subject to breakdown. • Modern computers were designed to process quickly without moving parts. • Electronic components are essential for an efficient machine.

3. Four Components to a Computer Input- the data that is entered into a computer Storage- any device in which information is stored Processing- manipulation of data by a microprocessor Output- computer generated information displayed to user

4. How computers get input? • Devices are used to put information in your computer • When you type a sentence, it goes into your computer • When you move the mouse, it changes the screen • When you talk into a microphone, your computer processes that information

5. How Computers Store Information • RAM (Random Access Memory) • The memory that is available temporarily on a computer for storing data and programs currently being processed. It is automatically erased when the power is turned off. Information in the RAM that needs to be stored for future use must be saved onto a disk or a tape if you want to access it later. • ROM (Read Only Memory) • Stored permanent systems instructions, which are never changed; it holds its contents even when the power is turned off. Data is placed in ROM only once, and stays there permanently. ROM is generally installed by the manufacturer as part of the system. It is accessed when you boot up your computer.

6. Additional Ways to Store Information • Hard Drives • Optical Discs • Storage • Removable Media

7. How Computer Process Information • The Processor allows you to do the work on your computer; the data and instructions go through this to the motherboard. • 1960’s these large processor switches were shrunk down and then launched the Microprocessor. • A single chip, created in 1970 was created. This was called a microprocessor. The microprocessor is the most complex of the chips; allowing you to do your work through rows of switches. It is often called a computer on a chip. • It can be used to perform many tasks at one time.

8. HOW COMPUTERS DELIVER INFORMATION • Computers deliver information through outputs such as Web pages, sounds from our computer's speakers , documents printed by the computers and also can include things like MP3 files. They allow us to download music from internet onto an MP3 player.

9. Which is Smarter Human Brain or Computer? • Brain: Uses special cells (neurons) They work together to process information and respond with an action. • Human needs breaks and good night sleep. • For human to memorize is a big task. • Good decision, human wins. • Humans don't need software. Computer: Uses a collection of circuits called microprocessor (electronic circuits) -If smart is speed, computer wins. Computer is tireless. -If smart is good memory. Computer wins. Computers can only calculate and sort information based on the software we design for them

10. The ability to think original thoughts? Here again, humans have an enormous advantage Are computers capable of original thought? So far, they're not. we make computers, they will only be as smart as the software we create for them.