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Water-Based Damages On Building Faces And Solution Proposals. Ulku Sultan Yilmaz, Mustafa Dereli, Saim Korur, Serra Zerrin Korkmaz. Selcuk University, Engineering And Architecture Faculty Konya, Turkey. Introduction.
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Water-Based Damages On Building Faces And Solution Proposals Ulku Sultan Yilmaz, Mustafa Dereli, Saim Korur, Serra Zerrin Korkmaz Selcuk University, Engineering And Architecture Faculty Konya, Turkey
Introduction • Water is a requisite substance in terms of continuity of human life and is of vital significance in application processes of structures creating artificial environments. • Structures must be tried to be built with details and materials which to resist effects of water in order to be prevented from detrimental effects of water along its service life.
There exist specifications and regulations for structures to be secured and qualified. • However, various failures occur with the results of control and inspection lack, not taking part of qualified staff for the application of these standards and not establishing adequate organization in the worksite.
Water-Structure Relation • If it is the effect of water on material being talked about, then the material is either into the water or the water affects material on the facade. • Water causes three mainly problems in structure. These are;
Water absorption; Water absorption event is a situation emanating with materials present in water. • Permeability;Permeability event confronts with materials in contact with water on surface. • Capillarity;it is defined as the fact that water rises in specific diameter pipes within structure element despite gravity. http://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.konakyalitim.com/
Structure damages caused by water • Negative effect of water on structure material results from the mistakes made in usage processes, material choice and projecting, application and labour. • These damages cause decomposition of inner environment moisture balance, efflorescence and occurring of white spots, swelling and spill over of wall covers and surface cracks.
Material Choice and Projecting • Coordination between structure-function-material in design process must be provided. • Emerging damages depending on water stem from wrong detailing of designer, not preferring appropriate materials and not being able to make correct physical environment condition analysis in projecting process
Figure 1. Damage occurred on facade caused by false detailing
Figure 2. Damage occurred on facade caused by water with lack of dropper in balcony
Figure 3. Damage reflecting on facade with the result of not considering required water insulation in design process.
Figure 4. False detailing in the sill • One of the points that rain water tries to centre (accumulate) mostly along structure facade is window surfaces.
Figure 5. Damage occurred with the result not making required insulation
And damages occur with rising of ground water up via capillary ways. Figure 6. Damage caused by capillary water rising
Another negative effect of water observed on structure facades confronts on roofs not being detailed well. Figure 7. Fringe detail not shaped correctly
Figure 8. Damage reflecting on facade with the result of not considering required water insulation in design process
Application - Labour • Even if the decisions taken in design process are correct, failures made during application cause damages.
Figure 9. Damage quicklime gave to external plaster by exposing water
Figure 10. Damage that false tinsmith labour gave to external plaster
Figure 11. Damage occurrence on structure facade by the result of false sidewalk bevel
Usage Process • Considering usage lives of materials, required control performed in certain periods and maintenance and repairs depending on that, determine the usage lives of structures. • Structures, the maintenance and repair of which are not completed on time, tend to be damaged physically with the effects of natural events and living beings.
Figure 13. Water causing abrasion within wall and moss formation by the result of not making repair
On structure facades covered with flora plaster surface remains wet long time because of rain water. Figure 14. Determinant flora on external plaster of structure
Conclusionand Solution Proposals • In the course of structure production, providing materials not to lose their performance is as significant as using materials with appropriate quality. Water affecting structure endurance and life in negative ways also causes human health and comfort conditions to be disrupted.
To be able to choose the right material, material features must be known adequately, production technologies and details must be developed according to material properties. • Using materials that are kitschy and not comply with standards must be avoided,
In wet volumes, water insulation details must be considered during project process and applied correctly. • During and after the application, required controls must be made and maintenance-repair must be performed by manufacturer companies in certain periods.
