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Organizations as Socially Constructed Agents in the Agent Oriented Paradigm. Guido Boella Leon van der Torre. Complexity in OO (Booch, 1988).
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Organizations as Socially Constructed Agentsin the Agent Oriented Paradigm Guido Boella Leon van der Torre
Complexity in OO (Booch, 1988) • “Decomposition: the most basic technique for tackling any large problem is to divide it into smaller, more manageable chunks each of which can then be dealt with in relative isolation. • Abstraction: the process of defining a simplified model of the system that emphasizes some of the details or properties. • Organization: the process of identifying and managing interrelationships between various problem solving components.” (coor,dbc,sla)
Complexity in MAS • Agent cannot be decomposed in agents? • Aggregation: groups and organizations • How to define decomposition in MAS? • MAS as organization and decomposition? • Success criteria: control, communication
Our Approach • Normative multiagent systems • Agents attribute mental attitudes (Dennett): • to other agents and • to socially constructed agents (counts as): • groups, roles, normative systems, organizations • SC agents can create new SC agents • Compare SC agents to legal persons • SC agents can attribute mental attitudes • For example, to define roles
Control • Sub-goals over functional areas / roles • Goals role are responsibilities of agent in role • Goals with violations express also obligations • Beliefs over functional areas / roles • Know how, statutes, manuals • Security, privacy of information • “Counts as” institutional relations (iterated!) • Actions of SC agents (via real agents) • Dynamics of normative systems
Communication • Explicit how organization changes • Institutionalized patterns of interaction • Communication actions of SC agents • Iterated “counts as”, changes in organization • Documents record communication • Regulated by contracts • Role communication • Distinguished from agent-playing-role comm.
Summary • Agents can be decomposed into agents • but only socially constructed agents! • Control: normative multiagent systems • Communication: effects explicit in system • Construction of social reality • Functional areas & roles only if is organization • Organization restructures itself
Further Research • Design by contract • Service level agreements & architecture • Assignment of agents to roles • Use multiagent model for simulation • Advantage over OO • How to achieve it without mental attitudes? • Use the model for programming languages