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1 Common roots of science and philosophy

1 Common roots of science and philosophy. Common roots of science and philosophy. Ancient times: Physics - part of philosophy “ Physikoi ” (Physiologoi) – physicists Search for ARCHÉ M ilesians (Thalés …) – materi al ARCHÉ (water, air, apeiron?) redu ctionism

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1 Common roots of science and philosophy

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  1. 1 Common roots of science and philosophy

  2. Common roots of science and philosophy Ancient times: • Physics - part of philosophy • “Physikoi” (Physiologoi) – physicists • Search for ARCHÉ • Milesians (Thalés …) – material ARCHÉ (water, air, apeiron?) • reductionism • Pythagoreans – COSMOS – order, juvel, harmony • Empedokles – questions concerning physics, air • Aristotle – biology, methodology of science

  3. Social sciences and philosophy Separation of particular scientific branches from philosophy • Medicine (?, rather practice, nursing) • Matematics (?, practical mathematics – business, finance, building houses, temples, pyramids, architecture) • Geometry (praktical aplications, measuring land, …) • Astronomy - astrology • Socrates exclusion of “speculative science“ • Aristotele, aristotelics… logic,psychology, ekonomy … • Stoics – the term „logic“ • Metaphysics • Francis Bacon (1561 – 1626), idea of „modern science“ • Physics (Galileo, Newton,…) • Sociology (A. Comte, M. Weber, …)

  4. Common roots of science and philosophy What remains for philosophy? Mixture ofvarious subjects which science do not profess? Disciplines without meaning, signifikance? Foundations of science? (physics, mathematics, biology …) Foundation of (personal) world view?, of ethics? theology? … Metaphysics Philosophing in the framework of art (literature) Myths (Parmenides, Empedocles, Plato, … Heidegger, Kundera, Sartre, Camus, …, painters - Bílek) Pure „scientific“ philosophing (Aristotle, … analytical philosophy) Art and technology TECHNE – the way of making work, art, skill, craft, (stonemasonery, carpentery …) Joint of functionality and aesthetics

  5. Social demand of technology ? - Slavery • Neglection of technical sciences and technology • Slavery – advocated even by Aristotle (However: Scientific methodology, logic, …) • Archimedes – inventor • Alexandria … • Francis Bacon(1561 – 1626) – science – force „violation of nature“, denial of aristotelism, aristotelian Methaphysics, reference to Chinese science:

  6. China From600 BC to 1500 AC the most advanced society (from technological view) • Seismology • Compass • Gun powder • Rockets • Paper, paper money • Printing • Porcelain • Tradicional medicine: blood circulation (2nd cent. BC, Yellow emperor, in Europe G. Bruno, Arabs, Harvey 1628), but no autopsy • Steering wheel in ships • Hot-air balloon • Barrow (push cart) – Sechuan 1.st. Cent. BC, Europe 12. cent AC (Chartre cathedral) • Chain pump (1.cent. BC) • Principle of paralactic mounting of astronomical telescope • Parachute,Chinese and Siam acrobates (in EuropeSimon de la Loubere, siam ambasador of LudwikXIV (1687 – 1688))

  7. From Philosophy to Science and Technology • Nicolaus Cusanus(1401- 1464)– discovery of (importance) of measurements „Idiota de staticis experimentis“ (density of urine – fitness of person …) • René Descartesanalytical geometry • Galileo Galilei(1564 – 1642) – laws of mechanics, astronomical telescope • Newton “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” (1687)

  8. Philosophy and social conditions – Utopien (visionary) political systems, “scientific philosophy”, comunism • Plato: rule of philosophers (journeys to Sicily), Atlantis, “The Republic”, “Laws” • Zeno of Cytium • … • Technological and scientific revolution • Abolition (recall) of serfage (here in Austria by emperor Joseph II, 1.11.1781) • Industrialization – rise of industrial society • 18. cent. England, bad condition for workers, emergence of socialism and comunism • Thomas More“Utopia” (1516) • Thomas Campanella “The Sun state” • Fourier François Marie Charles (1772 - 1837) - falangs • H. Saint-Simon (1760 – 1825) sect, „exploitation of man by man“ is organic defect of society • Paris commune (1871) • Marx, Engels, Lenin … scientific socialism

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