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Feline Infectious Peritonitis “FIP”

Feline Infectious Peritonitis “FIP”. Presented by: Sasha Jones. Break it down. I t should be called Feline Mutant Immunodeficiency Panoitis … (or something like that…). Feline. Cat. Infectious. Something that corrupts or contaminates, causing infection. Peritonitis.

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis “FIP”

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  1. Feline Infectious Peritonitis “FIP” Presented by: Sasha Jones

  2. Break it down It should be called Feline Mutant Immunodeficiency Panoitis… (or something like that…) Feline Cat Infectious Something that corrupts or contaminates, causing infection Peritonitis Inflammation of the Peritoneum (lining of the abdomen)

  3. What is FIP really? More Theory Fun Facts FIP is thought to be a mutated form of Feline Corona Virus • FeCV is an enveloped, positive, single stranded polyadenylated RNA virus. • It is so named because when viewed under electron microscopy it looks like a crown… • Fun club shaped Glycoproteins • Feline Coronavirus is different… • -Antibodies have no protective function • -Antibody titers are meaninless for diagnosis of FIP • -It has a vaccine that is seemingly useless… • FeCV is in the CoronaViridae family • This family includes such viruses as • Canine Corona Virus • Transmittable Gastroentertitis (pigs) • Racoon Dog Coronavirus • Chinese Ferret badger • Goose corona virus • Pigeon corona virus • Rat corona virus • Bat corona virus • Murie corona virus • Beluga wale corona virus • Whire bream • SARS Corona Viruses are composed of large numbers of nucleotides. (FeCV is around 29k+) The more nucleotides, the more the virus is prone to mutations Bad mutations = FIP

  4. FIP History The reason for the sudden emergence of FIP is not known (go figure) but there are three possible explanations for its origination… FIP appeared within a decade of Transmissible Gastroenteritis The FeCV variant that FIP mutated from appeared in the l950’s possible due to the interspecies mutability of the virus Another theory on FIP’s history is evolved from the modern era’s new views on cats as pets and their new forms of husbandry WWII – Cat Explosion – more cats in the world– Catteries….Shelters There are documented cases of things that look like FIP from 1914 but at that time the disease did not have distinction. Described as an “important dissorder” by Holzworth in 1963

  5. Who will get FIP? • In most cases: • 6 months to 2 years/ geriatric patients/Weak immune systems • Weak immune systems can stem from diseases as well as stress • some cats may have a genetic predisposition to the disease • Some breeds may have a higher propensity towards the disease • Bengals, Abyssinian, Birman, Himalayan, Ragdolls, and rexes • Technically, any cat can get it • Most cases of FIP come from cats that have come out of catteries or shelters. Multicat environments make it easier for the FeCV virus to be spread and therefor a greater chance for one of those viruses to mutate….

  6. Transmission FIP = Theorized to be Not transmittable from cat to cat…however FeCV is Very contagious… but not zoonotic… • Things you should know about FeCV: • Most cats get it…and nothing happens • (30-40% for singles and 80-90% for multi) • In some cases they show signs of GI irritation • Most cats shed the Virus in their feces and get rid of the infection • Since antibodies dont affect it, a cat can be re-infected with the same strain, and multiple strains at the same time… • Some cats (especially Toms) can be lifelong carriers of one to many strands and continuously shed the virus while showing no clinical signs… Risk Factors young cats (3 months to 3 years of age) multi-cat households intact males all intact cats (not neutered) winter months FeLV infection stress high coronavirus antibody titer regular introduction of new cats increased frequency of coronavirus shedding FeCV is mainly transmitted via direct route and repiratory and salvitory to a lesser degree FeCV can persist in dried feces or on cat littler for 3-7 weeks. It is gotten rid of easily by common disinfectants.

  7. Clinical Signs and Legions Dry “non-Effusive” Wet “effusive” More Acute form Incubation period from days to months More Chronic form Incubation period up to years NonResponsive fluxuating pyrexia Lameness Anorexia Lethargy Dull Hair Coat Pleuritis Pneumonia Inflammatory legions – “Pyogranulomas” Jaundice/icterus Color change in Iris Vitreous Flares /Retinal Vessel Cuffing CNS Involvement: (Ataxia, tremors, fits, aggression, etc…) Buildup of fluid in chest of abdomen Dyspnea

  8. Now we’re going to visit with Dr. Greg! Pyogranulomatas WET (effusive) Dry (Non Effusive) If your squeamish you might not want to look….

  9. Diagnosis and tests Infamously Hard to Diagnose No one test or good way to diagnose FIP (except a histopathology during necropsy) In order to diagnoses FIP other diseases must be ruled out Most cats diagnosed with FIP are euthanized D. Dianne Addie – University of Glasgow

  10. Treatment and Prognosis There is no proven effective treatment or cure for FIP There are many studies going on currently regarding the use of many different drug therapies including: Interferon, Polypreyl Immunostimulant, prednisone, Phenylalanine mustard, tylosin, Vitamin therepy, Gluticosteroids, Cyclophosphamide, NSAIDS, etc… The current vaccine on the market, “Puricill” has no proven efficacy and has been hypothesized to take part in the onset of FIP in some cases. No proven vaccine has been created for FIP or FeCV Any claimed “Cures” most likely stem from spontaneous remission or a misdiagnosis…

  11. Client Education and Prevention… • Around 1 cats in 10 who is infected with FCoV develops FIP. • Very often after one cat has died of FIP there is a second cat in the household which is known to be infected, but is perfectly healthy. • If the cat might be at Risk for FIP help prevent it by: • Minimisethe cat's stress • Maximise nutrition and give anti-oxidants • Good litter tray hygiene Examples of stressers: being rehomed moving house new additions to house: baby, dog, cat, kitten too many cats in one house (over 6) going into cattery surgery (being neutered, getting a dental) trauma (e.g. road accident) intercurrent illness pregnancy, parturition, lactation

  12. References: Dr. Addie and Catvirus.com http://www.dr-addie.com/WhatIsFIP.htm#WhatisFIP “ by Dr. Susan Little The 2009 Canine/Feline Genetics conference hosted by Tufts University : http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=TUFTSBG2009&O=Generic DrGreg’s YouTube Channel : http://www.youtube.com/user/DrGregDVM#g/u The Winn Feline Foundation: http://www.winnfelinehealth.org/health/fip.html Cornell University: College of Veterinary Medicine: http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/brochures/fip.html Felipedia.org http://www.felipedia.org/~felipedi/wiki/index.php/Feline_coronavirus_%28FCoV%29

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